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LESSON 1: PLAN AND
PREPARE FOR
INSTALLATION
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Occupational safety and
health (OSH) is a planned system of working to
prevent illness and injury where you
work by recognizing and identifying
hazards and risks.
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Procedure
Identify the hazard
Clear the area close to the hazard
Partition the hazard off or clearly
identify the area to protect other
people from harm
If the hazard is easily and safely
cleared, then do so
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If not
Report the hazard to the appropriateperson (such as teacher in charge,
principal etc.) to obtain assistance
Following clearing of the hazard fill outthe correct documentation to assist in
identifying improved practice to reduce
further incidence of hazards.
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All hazards must be reported usingAcc idental Repo rt form.This
enables us to track the kinds of
hazards we have in our workplace,and take action where necessary to
make it safer for all student and
clients.
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ACCIDENT REPORT FORM
SAMPLE
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Hazardous substances
If the workplace hazard appears to bedangerous to staff and clients andprofessional assistance is required: A. Call the supervisor or manager and
advise them of the problem and the urgencyof the matter.
B. Depending on the risk it may be called asan evacuation.
C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
D. The supervisor or manager will call in thefire brigade or specialized personnel who willdeal with the spill.
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Fire exits
All fire exits should be kept clear offrom obstacles. All students have aresponsibility to make sure that chairs,
empty boxes or any other type ofobstacle are not placed in or near fireexit doorways.
All corridors also need to have
equipment stored on one side only toensure that in the event of anemergency there is a clear exit.
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If you find the fire
Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
If it is safe to move assist anyone in the vicinity of
the fire away from danger.
If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a
loud and clear voice.
Break the glass section of the fire alert call point.
Ensure you know where the fire is, any other
details that may be of assistance to the fire
brigade. Details could be size of the fire, cause or
type of fire, any people hurt or trapped, has anyone
tried to put it out.
If safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct
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If the designated fire officer is notpresent, someone quickly needs to
take responsibility and:
Locate the source of the fire. Remove all people from the building.
Once outside do a head count
Notify the authorities.
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Personal Safety While Working
with PCs Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber
soles to help reduce the chance of beingshocked or seriously injured in anelectrical accident.
Do not work on components that areplugged into their power source. Do not remove expansion cards from a
computer when it is turned on.
Remove jewelries when working insideany computer related equipment.
Be sure not to mix electroniccomponents and water.
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UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTER
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A computer is one of the most brilliantinventions of mankind.
Due to computers, we have been able
to speed up daily work, carry outcritical transactions and achieve
accuracy and precision in work.
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3Types of Computers
Analog Computers
These are almostextinct today. Theseare different from a
digital computerbecause an analogcomputer can performseveral mathematicaloperations
simultaneously. It usescontinuous variablesfor mathematicaloperations and utilizesmechanical or
electrical energy.
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Digital Computers: They use digital
circuits and aredesigned to operateon two states, namely
bits 0 and 1. They areanalogous to statesON and OFF. Data onthese computers isrepresented as a
series of 0s and 1s.Digital computers aresuitable for complexcomputation and havehigher processingspeeds. They are
programmable.
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Hybrid Computers:
These computers
are a combination of
both digital and
analog computers. In
this type of
computers, the
digital segments
perform process
control by
conversion of analog
signals to digital
ones.
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CLASSIFICATION OFCOMPUTERS
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MainframeComputers:
Large organizationsuse mainframes forhighly critical
applications such asbulk data processingand ERP. Most of themainframe computershave the capacities to
host multiple operatingsystems and operateas a number of virtualmachines and cansubstitute for severalsmall servers.
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used primarily by corporate andgovernmental organizations for critical
applications, bulk data processing
such as census, industry andconsumer statistics, enterprise
resource planningand transaction
processing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census -
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Minicomputers: In terms of size and
processing capacity,minicomputers lie inbetween mainframes
and microcomputers.Minicomputers arealso called mid-rangesystems orworkstations. The term
began to be popularlyused in the 1960s torefer to relativelysmaller thirdgeneration computers.
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Servers
They are
computers
designed toprovide services to
client machines in
a computer
network. They havelarger storage
capacities and
powerful
processors.
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Supercomputers:
The highly calculation-
intensive tasks can be
effectively performed by
means of supercomputers.Quantum physics,
mechanics, weather
forecasting, molecular
theory are best studied by
means of supercomputers.Their ability of parallel
processing and their well-
designed memory hierarchy
give the supercomputers,
large transaction processing
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Microcomputers:
A computer with a
microprocessor and its central
processing unit it is known as a
microcomputer. They do not
occupy space as much as
mainframes do. When
supplemented with a keyboard
and a mouse, microcomputers
can be called personal
computers. A monitor, a
keyboard and other similar
input output devices, computer
memory in the form of RAM
and a power supply unit come
packaged in a microcomputer.
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DIFFERENT FORMS OFCOMPUTERS
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Desktops: Adesktop is intendedto be used on asingle location. Thespare parts of a
desktop computerare readily availableat relatively lowercosts. Powerconsumption is not
as critical as that inlaptops. Desktopsare widely popularfor daily use in theworkplace and
households.
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Laptops:Similar inoperation todesktops, laptopcomputers are
miniaturized andoptimized formobile use.Laptops run on a
single battery or anexternal adapterthat charges thecomputer batteries.
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Netbooks:They fallin the category oflaptops, but areinexpensive and
relatively smaller insize. They had asmaller feature setand lesser capacitiesin comparison to
regular laptops, atthe time they cameinto the market.
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Personal DigitalAssistants(PDAs): Itis a handheldcomputer andpopularly known as a
palmtop. It has a touchscreen and a memorycard for storage ofdata. PDAs can alsobe used as portableaudio players, web
browsers and smartphones. Most of themcan access theInternet by means ofBluetooth or Wi-Fi
communication.
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Tablet Computers:Tablets are mobilecomputers that arevery handy to use.
They use the touchscreen technology.Tablets come with anonscreen keyboardor use a stylus or a
digital pen. Apple'siPod redefined theclass of tabletcomputers.
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WearableComputers:Arecord-setting step inthe evolution ofcomputers was the
creation of wearablecomputers. Thesecomputers can beworn on the bodyand are often used
in the study ofbehavior modelingand human health.
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QUIZ
Direction: Identify the type of computer being described
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Direction: Identify the type of computer being described
in the following sentences and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper
These are mobile computers that are very handy to use.
They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in
a computer network.
They are also called mid-range systems or workstations.
A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit.
They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relativelysmaller in size.
A type of computer which is intended be used on a single location.
They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states,
namely bits 0 and 1.
Computers that have the capacities to host multiple operating systems
and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for
several small servers.
It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in thestudy of behavior modeling and human health.
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COMPUTER SYSTEM,DEVICES ANDPERIPHERALS
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What is an Operat ing
System? The operating system is the mostimportant program that runs on a computer.
Every general-purpose computer must havean operating system to run other programs.Operating systems perform basic tasks, such
as recognizing input from the keyboard,sending output to the display screen, keepingtrack of files and directories on the disk, andcontrolling peripheral devices such as diskdrives and printers.
The operating system is also responsiblefor security, ensuring that unauthorized usersdo not access the system.
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Operating systems can be
classified as follows:
Multi-user:Allows two or more users to runprograms at the same time. Some
operating systems permit hundreds or even
thousands of concurrent users.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
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Multiprocessing:Supports running aprogram on more than one CPU.
LinuxUnix
Windows 2000
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Multitasking:Allows more than oneprogram to run concurrently.
Unix
Windows 2000 Windows multi point
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Multithreading:Allows different parts of asingle program to run concurrently.
LinuxUnix
Windows 2000 and Windows 7
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Real time: Responds to input instantly.General-purpose operating systems, such
as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
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What are the devices o f a
computer? The physical, touchable, electronic
and mechanical parts of a computer
are called the hardware which is
composed of different devicesattached to the computer
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System Unit
The main part of a microcomputer,sometimes called the chassis. It
includes the following parts:
Motherboard, Microprocessor,Memory Chips, Buses, Ports,
Expansion Slots and Cards.
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Motherboard / Mainboard /
System Board The main circuit board of a computer.
It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The processor is the main brain orheart of a computer system. It
performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed andmanages the flow of information
through a computer.
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Primary storage
(internal storage, main memory ormemory) is the computer's working
storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing andprocessed data (information) waiting
to be sent to secondary storage.
Physically, primary storage is a
collection of RAM chips.
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Two (2) Types of Memory
ROM(Read Only Memory) ROM isnon-volatile, meaning it holds data
even when the power is ON or OFF.
RAM(Random Access Memory)RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data
only when the power is on. When the
power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
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Expansion Bus
A bus is a data pathway between severalhardware components inside or outside a
computer. It does not only connect the parts
of the CPU to each other, but also links the
CPU with other important hardware.
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Adapters
Printed-circuit boards (also called interfacecards) that enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have
the necessary connections or circuit
boards. They are often used to permitupgrading to a new different hardware.
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Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Installed in the back corner of the PCcase, next to the motherboard. It
converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are usedby other components in the PC.
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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Also known as hard drive, is a magneticstorage device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows
computer, the hard drive is usuallyconfigured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.
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Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device thatuses lasers to read data on the optical
media. There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
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Digital Versatile Disc
Designed to optically access datastored on a DVD. A laser moves back
and forth near the disk surface and
accesses data at a very fast rate.
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WHAT ARE THE INPUTAND OUTPUT DEVICESOF A COMPUTER?
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The devices attached to a personalcomputer can be classified into two-the input and output devices. InputDevice is composed of a device thataccepts data and instructions from theuser or from another computersystem. While, output device is any
piece of computer hardware thatdisplays results after the computer hasprocessed the input data that hasbeen entered.
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TWO (2) TYPES OFINPUT DEVICES
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Keyboard Entry
Data is inputted to the computerthrough a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device
developed for the PC. Data istransferred to the PC over a short
cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din
connector that plugs into the back ofthe motherboard.
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Direct Entry
A form of input that does not requiredata to be keyed by someone sitting at
a keyboard. Direct-entry devices
create machine-readable data onpaper, or magnetic media, or feed it
directly into the computersCPU.
Three Categories of Direct
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Three Categories of Direct
Entry Devices 1. Pointing Devices -An input device used to move
the pointer (cursor) on screen.
Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used
in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and most
have one or two scroll wheels.
Touch screen-A display screen that is sensitive to
the touch of a finger or stylus. Used in myriad
applications, including ATM machines, retail point-
of-sale terminals, car navigation and industrial
controls. The touch screen became wildly popularfor smart phones and tablets.
Light Pen -A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video
terminal used to draw pictures or select menu
options. The user brings the pen to the desired
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Digitizer Tablet -A graphics drawingtablet used for sketching new images or
tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics
tablet," the user contacts the surface of
the device with a wired or wireless pen orpuck. Often mistakenly called a mouse,
the puck is officially the "tablet cursor."
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2. Scanning Devices-A devicethatcan read text or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the information
into a form the computer can use.
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3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio inputdevices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user to
send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying outcommands. Audio input devices such as
microphones allow users to speak to the
computer in order to record a voice
message or navigate software.
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Outpu t Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- Itdisplays information in visual form,
using text and graphics. The portion of
the monitor that displays theinformation is called the screen or
video display terminal.
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Types of Monitor
CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT)were the only type of displays for use withdesktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).
LCD Monitors Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
technology has been used in laptops forsome time. It has recently been madecommercially available as monitors fordesktop PCs.
LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - Adisplay and lighting technology used inalmost every electrical and electronic producton the market, from a tiny on/off light to digitalreadouts, flashlights, traffic lights and
perimeter lighting.
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2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets ofpolarizing material with a liquid crystal
solution between them. An electric current
passed through the liquid causes the
crystals to align so that light cannot passthrough them. Each crystal, therefore, is like
a shutter, either allowing light to pass
through or blocking the light.
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3.Smart Board - A type of displayscreen that has a touch sensitive
transparent panel covering the screen,
which is similar to a touch screen.
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4. Printer- A device that prints text orillustrations on paper.
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Types of printer
Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet ofpaper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and
graphics.
Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy
machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text
and graphics.
LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but
uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a
laser to produce an image on the drum.
Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins
that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very
fast, but produce low-quality print.
Thermal Printer-An inexpensive printer that works by
pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper.
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5. Speakers - Used to play sound.They may be built into the system unit
or connected with cables. Speakers
allow you to listen to music and hearsound effects from your computer.
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What is a Sto rage Dev ice?
Aside from the devices attached on aPC, there are also the so called
storage devices that perform a special
task in computing system. Storagedevice is any apparatus for recording
computer data in a permanent or
semi-permanent form.
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Types of storage devices Floppy diskette- is a random access, removable data storage medium
that can be used with personal computers. The term usually refers tothe magnetic medium housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5inches square and about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-inchdiskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.
Compact disc (CD) also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic,polished metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is read bythe CD- ROM.
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- an optical disc technology with a 4.7gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which isenough for a 133-minute movie.
Jump drive and USB flash drive- is a plug-and-play portable storagedevice that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to akey chain. A USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip
drive disk, or CD. Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files arestored in the hard disk drive.
LS-120- is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette which canstore up to 120MB of information as well as being backwardscompatible and still supporting the standard 1.44MB floppy diskettes.
Zip drive-is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up
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NETWORK
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A network consists of two or morecomputers that are linked in order to
share resources (such as printers and
CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allowelectronic communications.
The computers on a network may be
linked through cables, telephone lines,radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams.
There are three basic types of
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networks which includes the
following: Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)
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Local Area Network
A Local Area Network (LAN) is anetwork that is confined to a relatively
small area. It is generally limited to a
geographic area such as a writing lab,school, or building.
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In a typical LAN configuration, onecomputer is designated as the fileserver. It stores all of the software thatcontrols the network, as well as the
software that can be shared by thecomputers attached to the network.Computers connected to the file
server are called workstations. Theworkstations can be less powerfulthan the file server, and they mayhave additional software on their hard
drives.
Wid A N k
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Wide Area Network
Wide Area Networks (WANs) connectlarger geographic areas, such as
Florida, the United States, or the
world.
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Networking Devices
Consist of, but are not limited to non-local printers, workstations, servers,
webcams, data loggers, instruments,
dial-in devices, and, in generalanything that requires an Ethernet
connection. These devices are
supported on a best-effort basis
limited by the staffing and equipment
level available.
H b
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Hub
is a small, simple,
inexpensive device
that joins multiple
computers together.
Many network hubsavailable today
support the Ethernet
standard. Other
typesincluding USB hubs
also exist, but
Ethernet is the type
traditionall used in
Eth t it h
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Ethernet switch
is a device thatgathers the
signals from
devices that areconnected to it,
and then
regenerates a
new copy of
each signal.
B id
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Bridge
is a device filtersdata traffic at a
network
boundary.Bridges reduce
the amount of
traffic on a LAN
by dividing it into
two segments.
R t
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Routers
are smallphysical devices
that join multiple
networkstogether.
M d
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Modem
is a contraction ofthe terms modulatorand demodulator.Modems perform asimple function:
They translate digitalsignals from acomputer into analogsignals that cantravel across
conventional phonelines. The modemmodulates the signalat the sending endand demodulates at
the receiving end
N t k i t f
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Network interface
is a device thatconnects a client
computer, server,
printer or other
component to yournetwork.
N t k fi ll
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Network firewall
protects a computernetwork fromunauthorized access.Network firewalls maybe hardware devices,
software programs, ora combination of thetwo. Network firewallsguard an internalcomputer network
(home, school,business intranet)against maliciousaccess from theoutside.
QUIZ # 4:
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QUIZ # 4:
DIRECTION: IDENTIFY
WHAT IS BEING
DESCRIBED IN THEFOLLOWING SENTENCES
AND WRITE YOUR ANSWER
ON A SEPARATE SHEET OFPAPER.
1. It protects a computer network fromunauthorized access.
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unauthorized access.
2. Type of network that connect largergeographic areas, such as Florida, theUnited States, or the world.
3. This is an internetworking systemcapable of joining together two networks
that use different base protocols. 4. It is consists of two or more computers
that are linked in order to shareresources (such as printers and CD-
ROMs), exchange files, or allowelectronic communications.
5. They translate digital signals from acomputer into analog signals that cantravel across conventional hone lines.
6. It is a device that connects a clientcomputer server printer or other
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computer, server, printer or other
component to your network.
7. A device filters data traffic at anetwork boundary.
8. It is a device that gathers the
signals from devices that areconnected to it, and then regenerates
a new copy of each signal.
9. It is a small, simple, inexpensivedevice that joins multiple computers
together.
10. Type of network that is confined to
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MATERIALS, TOOLS,
EQUIPMENT AND TESTINGDEVICES
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Server is a partof a network. It is a
special computer
that users on the
network canaccess to carry out
a particular job.
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Modem -(Modulator-
Demodulator) The
modem is a device
that allows a givencomputer to share
data or otherwise a
device which let
computers
exchange
information
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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g ( )
Tool
Anti-static mat used to stand on or
place hardware on
to prevent static
electricity frombuilding up.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Flat headscrewdriver - used
to loosen or tighten
slotted screws.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Philips headscrewdriver used
to loosen or tighten
crosshead screws.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Torx screwdriver -used to loosen or
tighten screws that
have a star-like
depression on thetop, a feature that
is mainly found on
laptop.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Hex driver sometimes called a
nut driver, is used
to tighten nuts in
the same way thata screwdriver
tightens screws.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Needle-nose pliers used to hold
small parts.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Wire cutter usedto strip and cut
wires.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Tweezers used tomanipulate small
parts.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Part retriever used to retrieve
parts from location
that are to small for
your hand to fit.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Flashlight used tolight up areas that
you cannot see
well.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Long nose Pliers is used for
holding, bending
and stretching the
lead of electronicscomponent or
connecting wire.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Soldering Ironisused to join two or
more metal
conductors with the
support ofsoldering lead
melted around it.
HAND TOOL
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HAND TOOL
Desoldering Tool is used to
unsolder unwanted
parts or component
in the circuit withthe support of
soldering pencil
CLEANING TOOL
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CLEANING TOOL
Lint-free cloth used to clean
different computer
components
without scratchingor leaving debris.
CLEANING TOOL
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CLEANING TOOL
Compressed air used to blow away
dust and debris
from different
computer partswithout touching
the components.
CLEANING TOOL
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CLEANING TOOL
Cable ties usedto bundle cables
neatly inside and
outside of a
computer.
CLEANING TOOL
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CLEANING TOOL
Parts organizer used to hold screw,
jumpers, fasteners
and other small
parts and preventsthem from getting
mixed together.
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
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DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Multimeter usedto test the integrity
of circuits and the
quality of electricity
in computercomponents.
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
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DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
LAN Tester- forRJ11,12,45& BNC
w/ Remote Unit.
This ergonomic
tester is designedto test most
network cable
wiring. You can
either conduct an
auto or manual
test.
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
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DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
UTP UnshieldedTwisted Pair, is a
popular type of
cable used in
computernetworking that
consists of two
shielded wires
twisted around
each