Download - Legistation changes of civil rights era
![Page 1: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Civil Rights Legislation
(Laws) & Court Cases
![Page 2: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the Supreme Court?
• Highest court in our nation• Decides cases having to do with the Constitution
& Federal Laws• Can decide whether a law is Constitutional.
o Laws or actions declared Unconstitutional CAN NOT be enforced.
![Page 3: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Jim Crow” or Segregation laws
oRegulated African Americans to separate facilities
![Page 4: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• Homer Plessy, who was born a free man and was one-eighth of African descent
• Louisiana law, Plessy was classified as black and therefore was required to travel in the “colored” railroad car.
• Plessy purchased a first class ticked and boarded the “whites only”
• Issue: Plessy was asked to relocate to the “colored” car and refused, he was arrested
![Page 5: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Decision: the Supreme Court said states could order racial segregation if the facilities provided for each race were equal.
• Created the “separate but equal” policy.
• The Plessy decision created the way for legal segregation in the United States
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
![Page 6: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mendez v. Westminster ISD (1947)
• In the California , Mendez family lived where there was only one other Mexican-American family. Neighbors were all white, and all children attended Westminster Main School.
• Issue: Told to attend the Hoover School, in a different school district, and all of the students there were Mexican or Mexican-American
• Only law in California was “segregation of Chinese or Japanese children”.
![Page 7: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mendez v. Westminster ISD (1947)
• Decision: Declared segregated schools by race in California illegal without state law.
![Page 8: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D. (1948)
• State of Texas had decided that segregation of Mexican-American students was illegal.
• Issue: State of Texas sued Bastrop ISD, claiming segregation of Mexican-American children without a state law.
• Decision: Segregation of Mexican-American children in Texas was illegal.
![Page 9: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
• Issue: Herman Sweatt, an African American, who wanted to attend the Law School at UT-Austino A separate law school was created for Blacks
• Decision: Supreme Court ruled that the separate school WAS NOT “separate but equal”.
• Sweatt was allowed to attend with White students
![Page 10: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Brown v. Board of Education• Issue: Linda Brown was denied admission to a
whites only school that was only 6 blocks from her home. She had to be bused miles away to the all black school.
• Decision: Supreme Court declared “Separate but equal, was UNEQUAL” Ended segregation in public schools, whites and blacks can attend together.
• Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson case.
![Page 11: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
• Pete Hernandez, was drinking with a friend at a bar in a small town in Texas.o He got kicked out and shot a man
and was charged with murder.• Issue: Hernandez was convicted of
murder by an all white jury.• Decision: Juries needed to be
diverse and that Mexican Americans were entitled as a class to protection under the 14th Amendment.
![Page 12: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
White v. Regester (1973)
• Issue: State of Texas was accused of drawing voting boundaries to hurt Mexican American and African American candidates and voters.
• Decision: Texas could not draw congressional districts that would discriminate against certain voters
![Page 13: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Edgewood I.S.D. v. Kirby (1984)
• Issue/Decision: Lawsuit in Texas that resulted in a more equal school finance system (i.e. Highland Park students should have similar funding as a small 1A school)
![Page 14: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
March on Washington 1963
![Page 15: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1963 March on Washington
• 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial to bring attention to the civil rights issue.
• King gave his famous “I have a dream” speech.
• Pressure was now on President Kennedy and Congress to pass a new Civil Rights Act.
![Page 16: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
• LBJ become President after Kennedy is assassinated.
• Congress and the President, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.
• The act allowed the federal government to sue school boards that refused to integrate and mandated the end of segregation in public facilities.
![Page 17: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Civil Rights Act Clip• How did LBJ continue Kennedy’s legacy when he
became President due to his assassination?
• What did LBJ have to fight against to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed?
![Page 18: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Right to Vote• Methods to prevent voting for African-Americans
in the South.o Poll Taxes: small taxes charged on the right to
voteo White Primary: Only whites were allowed to
vote in the party primaries.o Grandfather clause-only vote if your
Grandfather did. o Literacy tests
![Page 19: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Right to Vote!• Alabama had three-member group review literacy
test —in secret. • Voted on whether or not you passed. • Up to the judgment of the Board whether you
passed or failed. o White and missed every single question they
could still pass you if — in their sole judgment — you were "qualified."
o Black and got every one correct, they could still flunk you if they considered you "unqualified."
![Page 21: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
24th Amendment• 24th Amendment is passed. Eliminated Poll Tax.• African Americans no longer had to pay to vote.
![Page 22: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Voter Registration Drives
• Selma March – 600 people marched in March 1965 and were attacked with clubs and tear gas by Alabama state troopers.
![Page 23: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Voting Rights Act Video-Start @ 7:17 mark. Stop @ 10:10
• How did President LBJ show support to the Civil Rights movement?
![Page 24: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Under immense pressure, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
• This act abolished the literacy test and had federal officials oversee elections in cities that were known for discriminating against blacks.
![Page 25: Legistation changes of civil rights era](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54b6d0294a795967678b45ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
April 1968
• Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated. His death sparked violence in 125 cities.