Download - Lecture07222
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Covalent Bonding: Orbital Overlap and
HybridizationLecture 7
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VSEPR is a simplification
and does not explain much.There is one more theory:
valence bond (VB)!
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Key principleof the Valence Bond Theory:A covalent bond forms when the orbitals of two atoms overlap and the overlap region, which is between the nuclei, is occupied by a pair of electrons.The two wave functions are in phase so the amplitude increases between the nuclei.
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Themes of the Valence Bond Theory:A set of overlapping orbitals has a maximum of two electrons that must have opposite spins.The greater the orbital overlap, the stronger (more stable) the bond.The valence atomic orbitals in a molecule are different from those in isolated atoms.There is a hybridization of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
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Hybridization
is the process of orbital mixing.
It result in hybrid orbitals.
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Key pointsabout hybridization:The number of hybrid (molecular) orbitals obtained equals the number of of atomic orbitals mixed.The type of hybrid orbitals obtained varies with the types of atomic orbitals mixed.
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sp-Hybridization
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sp2 -Hybridization
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sp3 -Hybridization
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sp-Hybridization
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sp-Hybridization
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sp-Hybridization
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spd-Hybridization
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Formation of -bond
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Formation of -bond
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- and - bonds in ethylene
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- and -bonds
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-(sigma) bond
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-(pi) bond
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THE END