![Page 1: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture Objectives:
• Finish with thermal storage systems
• Plumbing • Hydronic distribution systems
–Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building
![Page 2: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Installation of Thermal Storage System
DownstreamUpstream
• Increases chiller efficiency • Increases chiller capacity • Overall system efficiency ??? • Decreases storage capacity• Simplifies system layout• …..
• Decreases chiller efficiency• Decreases chiller capacityOverall system efficiency ???• Increases storage capacity•……• Does not allow chiller shut down!
![Page 3: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Modeling
Write energy and mass balancer equation for each section
![Page 4: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plumbing Arrangement for Chillers
(and Boilers)• Primarily water circulation loop only
• Primarily & Secondary circulation loops
• Primarily & Secondary & Tertiary loops
• ….
Reading assignment:
Chilled Water Plant Design Guide (Section 4)http://energydesignresources.com/media/2305/EDR_DesignGuidelines_CoolToolsChilledWater.pdf
![Page 5: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hydronic systems for district cooling/heating and buildings
Constant-Flow System, Single Chiller, Single Coil Constant-Flow System, Single Chiller, Multiple Coils
Mixing valve that control by-pass flow Major pumping force is the chiller pump
![Page 6: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Control of coil temperature Mixing valve that control the flow through the coil Flow Variation as a Function of Valve Position
Major pumping force is the chiller pump
Same pressure drop like a cooling coil
![Page 7: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Multiple chiller (or boilers) Parallel Serial
![Page 8: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Primary-Loop Only VariableSpeed Flow
Single chiller Multiple chillers
![Page 9: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Primary and Secondary Loop Variable Flow Design
Parallel chillers
Serial chillers
![Page 10: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Large Plant or Building Distribution Systems
Primary/Secondary Loops with Variable Flow and Distributed Pumping
![Page 11: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Primary/Secondary and Tertiary Pumping
![Page 12: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Primary Pump ArrangementsDedicate a pump for each chiller
Provide a common header for the pumps
![Page 13: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Coil Pumping Strategies
Variable speed pumps vs. Single pas Valve vs. Mixing valves vs. Diverting Valves
![Page 14: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Impact of Piping Coil
![Page 15: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Plumbing Arrangement in Building’s hydronic systems
Fan coil systems Baseboard heaters
Radiators
![Page 16: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hydronic Terms
• Head loss
• Open-loop vs. closed loop
![Page 17: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Head Loss
![Page 18: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fittings
g
Vkh
2
2
![Page 19: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pumps• Raise pressure and produce flow
• Main type• Centrifugal
Inline Base mounted
Example of Turbine pump
![Page 20: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pump curves
• NPSHR = Net Positive Suction Head Required
![Page 21: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Changing Pump Speed
![Page 23: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Curve for Multiple Pumps
![Page 24: Lecture Objectives: Finish with thermal storage systems Plumbing Hydronic distribution systems –Chiller/Boiler – Storage – Building](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649e365503460f94b24e4b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Net Positive Suction Head(cavitation)