![Page 1: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy
Schenck v. United StatesDebs v. United States
Abrams v. United StatesWalter Lippmann
![Page 2: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Democracy
�Democratic decisions
�Representative Government
�Puzzles
�dangerous ideas
�complex information
![Page 3: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1st Amendment (1791)
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment or religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”
![Page 4: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Speech and Treason� Freedom of speech
� instrumental� expressive
� Treason� republican paradox� reason of state
� Clear and present danger� The power of speech
� speech and action� speech and identity� the tyranny of false ideas
� Paine; Debs
![Page 5: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Justice Holmes dissents
“Persecution for the expression of ideas seems to me perfectly logical. If you have no doubt of your premises and want a certain result with all your heart you naturally express your wishes in law and sweep away all opposition…But when men have realized that time has upset many fighting faiths, they may come to believe even more than they believe the very foundations of their own conduct that the ultimate gooddesired is better reached by free trade in ideas--that the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, and that truth is the only ground upon which their wishes safely can be carried out. That at any rate is the theory of the Constitution.”
Justice Holmes, Abrams v U.S.
![Page 6: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Treason
� U.S. Constitution, Article III, Section 3: “Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.”
![Page 7: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Emergency Powers
� U.S Constitution, Article 1, Section 9: “The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public safety may require it.”
![Page 8: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Schenck v United States
“The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic…The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.”
“When a nation is at war many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight”
![Page 9: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Excursus (threats to America!)
Or: what was all that fuss about?
![Page 10: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
War!
![Page 11: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Espionage Act of 1917
� the Espionage Act of 1917 forbid anyone from obstructing the draft or from causing, or attempting to cause, insubordination in the military.
![Page 12: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Revolution!
![Page 13: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Terrorism.
![Page 14: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Anarchy.
![Page 15: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Foreigners.
![Page 16: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bolshevism.
![Page 17: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Socialism.
![Page 18: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Subversion – Step by Step.
![Page 19: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Speech and Treason� Freedom of speech
� instrumental� expressive
� Treason� republican paradox� reason of state
� Clear and present danger� The power of speech
� speech and action� speech and identity� the tyranny of false ideas
� Paine; Debs
![Page 21: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Russian émigrés charged in Abrams v United States
![Page 24: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Speech and Treason� Freedom of speech
� instrumental
� expressive
� Treason� republican paradox
� reason of state
� Clear and present danger
� The power of speech� speech and action
� the tyranny of false ideas
� Paine; Debs
![Page 25: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Eugene Debs
�1855 - 1926
�Unionization�craft vs. class
�Social Democratic Party
�Anti-war agitation
![Page 26: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Eugene Debs
![Page 27: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Debs for President.
![Page 28: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Eugene Debs
�1855 - 1926
�Unionization�craft vs class
�Social Democratic Party
�Anti-war agitation
![Page 29: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Work and Labor
�Changing views of work and labor
�Economic growth
�Labor politics�organizations
� American Federation of Labor
� Knights of Labor
� labor action� Haymarket Riot
� Homestead Riot
� Pullman strike
![Page 30: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Work and Labor
�Changing views of work and labor
�Economic growth
�Labor politics�organizations
� American Federation of Labor
� Knights of Labor
� labor action� Haymarket Riot
� Homestead Riot
� Pullman strike
![Page 33: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Lawrence Textile Strike, 1882 & 1912
![Page 34: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Haymarket Riot, 1886
![Page 35: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Homestead Riot, 1892
![Page 36: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Reflections on Pullman
�Workers: “About the only difference between slavery at Pullman and what it was down South before the war, is that there the owners took care of the slaves when they were sick and here they don't.”
![Page 37: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Knowledge and Power
� “Knowledge is power” (Francis Bacon)
�Debs: “a thousand hands to one brain”
�the “old” system
�the “new” system�Scientific management
![Page 38: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Iron puddler
![Page 39: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ford assembly line, 1913
![Page 40: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Frederick Winslow Taylor
![Page 41: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
“time and motion studies”
![Page 42: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Wilson, Brandeis, Roosevelt
![Page 43: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Socialism
�Modern paradox: poverty amidst plenty�production?
�distribution?
�Capitalism�capitalists
�workers� false consciousness
![Page 44: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Democracy is Illogical
�H. L. Mencken
�Democracy, ideal and real
�Legitimacy
�distinguished from obligation
�Democratic legitimacy
�consent
�utility
![Page 45: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
H.L. Mencken
![Page 46: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Democracy is Illogical
�H. L. Mencken
�Democracy, ideal and real
�Legitimacy
�distinguished from obligation
�Democratic legitimacy
�consent
�utility
![Page 47: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Democracy is Immoral
�The mob
�conformity, decency, homogeneity
�Democratic psychology
�resentment
�Schadenfreude
![Page 48: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Public Opinion
�The democratic faith
�moral right
�cognitive ability
�Public opinion and democracy
�James Bryce
�George Gallup
�The opinions of the public
![Page 49: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Major Media Audiences
![Page 50: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Representation in Theory
�Tom Paine’s republican parable
�Representation
�division of labor
�principals and agents
![Page 55: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Tom Paine
![Page 56: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Representation in Theory
�Tom Paine’s republican parable
�Representation
�division of labor
�principals and agents
![Page 57: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Representation in Practice
�Who represents me?
�James Fishkin’s dilemma
�How do they represent me?
�life in Congress. . .
![Page 58: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A partial list of elected representatives for James Fishkin of Austin, TX
Federal representatives 1 President 1 Vice President 32 Presidential electors 2 Senators 1 Member of the House
State representatives 1 Governor 1 Lieutenant Governor 1 Agriculture
Commissioner 1 Comptroller 1 Treasurer 1 Attorney General 3 Railroad Commissioners 1 State Senator 1 State Representative 9 members of Texas
Supreme Court 9 members of Texas Court
of Criminal Appeals 3 members of the Third
Court of Appeals
County representatives 1 County judge 1 County commissioner 1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at
Law 1 District Clerk 1 County Clerk 1 County Treasurer 1 County Surveyor 1 Justice of the Peace
Municipal representatives 1 Mayor of Austin 6 At-large City Council
members
School Board 1 President 1 Vice president 1 Member for district
![Page 59: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
A Representative’s ‘Average” DayACTIVITY AVERAGE TIME TOTAL TIME
On the Floor and in Committee
2:53 hours
In committee / subcommittee work
Hearings Business Markups Other
26 minutes 9 minutes
42 minutes 7 minutes
1:24 hours
In his or her office With constituents With organized groups With others With staff aides With other representatives Answering mail Preparing legislation, speeches Reading On the phone
17 minutes 9 minutes
20 minutes 53 minutes 5 minutes
46 minutes 12 minutes 11 minutes 26 minutes
3:19 hours
In other Washington locations With constitutuents At events With leadership With other representatives With informal groups In party meetings Personal time Other
9 minutes
33 minutes 3 minutes
11 minutes 8 minutes 5 minutes
28 minutes 25 minutes
2:02 hours
Other 1:40 hours
Total average day 11:18 hours
![Page 60: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Walter Lippmann
![Page 61: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Knowledge and Opinion
�The omni-competent citizen
�Limits to knowledge
�Source
�Content
�Complexity and specialization
![Page 62: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Stereotypes
�What is a stereotype?
�Can we live without them?
�Can we make them more complex?
�The new political division of labor
�experts and mass publics
![Page 63: Lecture 7 - Radicalism and the Limits of Democracy …...1 County sheriff 1 Tax-assessor / collector 1 Constable 1 District Attorney 1 Public Weigher 7 Judges, County Court at Law](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050106/5f4438d66a614b7d294cbfe8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The End.