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Lecture 6Sample preparation
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Component Percent
Water ~92
Proteins 6–8
Salts 0.8
Lipids 0.6
Glucose (blood sugar)
0.1
Composition of blood plasma
Blood serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors (i.e., whole blood minus both the cells and the clotting factors)
Blood Samples:Blood: arterial
capillaryvenous
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Blood Samples:
Anticoagulants: lithium heparinsodium heparinNaF sodium citrateEDTA
Serum: no anticoagulant
Plasma: centrifugation with anticoagulant present
Blood cells: erythrocytes
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Urine 20-50 mL
Stomach content 25 -50 mL
Tissue Hair, nails 2-5 g if possible
Many of options in postmortem work
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Sampling
LiquidOptional protein precipitation
SolidOptional protein precipitation
Homogenize in buffer
Isolation-Single step liquid-liquid extraction- Multiple step liquid-liquid extraction- Solid phase extraction- (pre)concentration
DATA COLLECTION
Data processing and interpretation
Organic Compounds
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Air/gas sampling
canistersbags
Cleaned Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Cartridges and Resins
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Solid Phase Extraction cartridges
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Headspace vial
Caps & septa
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Microdiffusion (Conway) cell
Preconcentration of volatile compounds
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A simple device for headspace LPME. Stirring and thermostating are optional.
A 1 mL drop at the end of a syringe needle.
Liqiud phase microextraction (LPME)
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SPME
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Solvent extraction techniques
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Filters:Can be also used for Solid Phase Extraction
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Solid Phase Extraction
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Inside the SPE cartridge…
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Various sorption techniques:
centrifuge
positive pressure
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Large volumes:
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SPE extraction:Lots of junk removed!