Download - Lecture 3
Hilton
English Pronunciation
Lecture 3Lecture 3
Phonetic TranscriptionsEnglish VowelsAbout the Lab...
Hilton
English Pronunciation
A few words about phonetic transcription:
• IPA characters are used to transcribe the sounds in a word
BED
TIP
ME
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English Pronunciation
CAREFUL! These may not correspond to the number of letters in the word
SHEEP
TONGUE
LAUGH
BRUISE
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English Pronunciation
Phonetic transcription:
• there is no punctuation in phonetic transcription (no capital letters, etc.)
• there may be symbols that look like punctuation, but they have a new (symbolic) meaning…
How's it going?
Hilton
English Pronunciation
You need to learn a new meaning for these two "punctuation signs":
'' (an apostrophe)
IPA symbol for WORD STRESS
:: (a colon)
used in the IPA to indicate a LONG VOWEL
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English Pronunciation
'' marks WORD STRESSplaced BEFORE the stressed syllable
''
''
''
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English Pronunciation
From now on, WORD STRESS will be marked in every polysyllabic word that we transcribe...
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English Pronunciation
:: indicates a LONG VOWEL*placed AFTER the vowel symbol
(a long vowel is simply a vowel you take a longer time to say…)
moon
deep
leaf
/ mu:n /
/ di:p /
/ li:f /
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English Pronunciation
Speaking ofSpeaking of VOWELS…
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English Pronunciation
55 LONG VOWELSLONG VOWELS
sheep
blue moon
bird
door
car
vowel + [r]
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66 "SHORT" VOWELS"SHORT" VOWELS
ship
bed
hat
sun
dog
put, book
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11 UNACCENTED VOWEL SOUNDUNACCENTED VOWEL SOUND
banana
"schwa"
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12 Monophthongs
= simple (single) vowel sound
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rose
cow
cake
night
boy
8 8 DiphthongsDiphthongs
beer
care
poor
monophthong + [r]monophthong + [r]
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English Pronunciation
flower
higher
player
slower
lawyer
55 Triphthongs Triphthongs
diphthong + [r]
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English Pronunciation
13 Compound vowel sounds ("glides")
+
12 Monophthongs
=
French: 16 vowel soundsItalian, Spanish: 5 (??)
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English Pronunciation
To master this complex system, you need:
• to understand a little bit about vowels
• to learn the sounds (and the symbols)
• to PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!
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English Pronunciation
What is a vowel?
• How do you make a vowel sound?
• What do you do (with your mouth) to change from one vowel sound to another?
EXPERIMENT, and TELL ME (in English, obviously!)
Hilton
English Pronunciation
A vowel sound:• a reverberation of air in the mouth cavity
• vocal chords "on" (always) = "voiced" sound
1. the degree to which your mouth is open
2. the position of your tongue
determine which vowel you produce.
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English Pronunciation
www.ling.mq.edu.au/.../ vowel_artic.html.
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English Pronunciation
The Vowel Triangle
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English Pronunciation
The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle
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English Pronunciation
The Vowel Triangle
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The Vowel Triangle: DIPHTHONGS
cake a glide
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English Pronunciation
The Vowel Triangle: DIPHTHONGS
night
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English Pronunciation
The Vowel Triangle: DIPHTHONGS
snow
(RP)
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English Pronunciation
Booklet, p. 10: copy the symbols, and key words
SHEEP
FISH
BED
HAT
"schwa"
BIRD
SUN
BLUE MOON
BOOK
DOOR
DOG
CAR
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English Pronunciation
Homework:
• Study all the "long" vowels: booklet, pages 11, 15 (CAR), 16, 17 (MOON).
• For each vowel, try pronouncing the words.
• Look up any words you don't know in the dictionary (unilingual, preferably).
• Notice how many different ways each sound can be spelled!!