Download - Lecture 11 tourism in east asia
Tourism in East Asia
TDM 458
Ara Pachmayer
Major Geographic Qualities of East Asia
World’s most populous region One of the world’s culture hearths Political and economic forces continue to
transform traditional cultural landscapes Intensifying regional disparities
Tourism Statistics and Trends
2011 - International arrivals down Aftermath of Japan Earthquake, Tsunami
• Fewer international arrivals• Japanese not traveling (impacts region)
South Korea - 11% up Hong Kong - 11% up Macau - 8% up
Statistics
Country Arrivals (Millions) Receipts (Billions of $)
China 57.6 48.5Hong Kong 22.3 27.7South Korea 9.8 12.3Japan (-27.8%) 6.2 11Taiwan 6.0 11.0
Asia’s Established Destinations
Hong Kong Economic (trade, business) hub, slowly
recovering from British transfer to China Japan
Religious heritage, natural landscapes, decline in tourism after Earthquake and Tsunami
Eye on China
Has the most potential in Asia; mystic and fascination by westerners; Political and economic liberalization 3rd most visited country in the world! 10% growth in tourism arrivals in 2008, a result of
Olympics Macau - China’s territory
Concentrates on casinos that contribute 50% of its revenue, largest gambling industry in world in terms of profits
Venetian, Wynn, Sands Resorts China as a source market
People’s Republic of China Largest population in the world with 1.3 B
1/5 of all mankind are Chinese! Land area of China slightly larger than the US Major player in world politics, permanent
member of the UN Security Council Dominant culture in East Asia, influencing
religion, art, philosophy and culture One of the world’s oldest continuous
civilizations Communist government
Strict political control, free market areas
Deng Xiaoping Era
Took power in 1979 Attempted to wed communist political rule with capitalist
economic practice Socialist market economy
Introduced economic liberalization measures Opened China to foreign science and technology Permitted students to study abroad Allowed for the tourism economy Decentralized decision making (economics) Created SEZs, open cities, open coastal areas
Special Economic Zones
Investor incentives Easing of import and export regulations Simplified land leases Hiring of contract labor permitted Products may be sold in foreign markets and in
China (under certain restrictions) Location was prime consideration
China’s Economic Zones
Tourism in China Inbound tourism…rapid growth (though slower than 2010) Outbound tourism…
Rapidly growing # of Chinese tourists Some of the biggest spenders (3rd overall in 2011 +32%)
increase in tourism expenditures Countries should prepare for Chinese tourists Australia - Chinese visitors increase by 17%
Approved Destination Status Culture, heritage, nature Hong Kong and Macau
Some of the Main Tourist Attractions
Beijing - Reflective of Old China Tianamen Square, Great Wall, Forbidden City Beijing Olympic sites
Shanghai City of Future High Tech, Highly Developed, High Industry Special Economic Zone, (capitalism bubble within
Communist state) Hong Kong and Macau Tibet
Infrastructure
International Airports Domestic Airlines network Freeway system Increasing accommodation styles and
pricing Increased number of trained hospitality
workers Tibet pressurized Railway
Hong Kong
Excellent deep water port 7 million people in 400 square miles Economy is larger than half of the world's countries July 1, 1999 British transferred control to China Acquired a new status as China’s only Special
Administrative Region (SAR)
Hong Kong Tourism
Shopping Culture Business and Conferences Heritage
Tibet
A harsh physical environment Sparsely populated Came under Chinese control in 1720 Gained separate status in the late 19th century China’s communist regime took control in the
1950’s Buddhism, the Dalai Lama and monasteries Formally annexed in 1965 and administered as an
autonomous region
Tibet tourism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_W-Hwp1-wc&feature=channel_page
Taiwan
Taiwan
Historical background: A Chinese province for centuries Colonized by Japan in 1895 Returned to China > WWII 1949 – Chinese Nationalists (supported by the US)
fled from the mainland and established the Republic of China (ROC)
Territory - approximately 14,000 Square miles Population – 22.8 million 78% urbanized
Tourism in Taiwan Largest number of visitors from Mainland
China Tourism is characterized by
Parks Trails Culture Gambling
• Limited to outer islands• controversial
Japan
Japan
Historical Background Japan is the richest country in East Asia Isolated from rest of the world until arrival of
Commodore Perry in 1850’s After initially opposing modernization and
development, Japan under Meiji emperor promoting economic growth and development
Rapid economic growth in 19th and 20th C Democratic development of Japan into 1920’s then
rise of militarism that led to WW II Dramatic post-war economic growth in Asia
Position of Japan
Japan stands above the rest of Asia in the area of tourism expenditure
Japanese as source market - Huge! The Japanese spent about $27 billion (2011)
(but still behind China) Decrease from 2010 due to Earthquake and
Tsunami Reduced number of outbound tourists
Tourism in Japan
Vibrant, Technologically advanced cities Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka
Value on Tradition, Culture, old-ways Can be seen in social interactions, architecture,
restaurants, traditional tea houses, food, geisha’s, etc Heritage Sites,Temples
Natural Landscapes Population concentrated in urban areas leaving space Mt. Fuji, Skiing, Country side, Beaches in South
WWII Other Factors
Cost Transportation model
Japan’s Aging Population and Impact on Economy and Tourism
The Koreas
The size of Idaho but with a population of 73 million
Turbulent political history A dependency of China A colony of Japan Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied
Powers > WW II (1945) Cease-fire line established in 1953
The Koreas
North-South Contrasts
North Korea 55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural Antiquated state enterprises Inefficient, non-productive agriculture Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China
South Korea 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly urbanized Modern factories Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western Europe
The Koreas
Population 24.5 million 48 million
GNP (billions) $28 $1014
GNI/capita $1,800 $20,800
Tourism in North Korea
Strict communist state No FIT Designated areas only Only recently for South Koreans and
Americans DMZ
Tourism in South Korea
Shopping VFR Rural areas Temples, heritage sites DMZ
Visitors by country of Origin (2010)
Mongolia
Steppe and desert physical environment Sparsely populated with about 2.6 million
inhabitants Part of the Chinese empire from late 1600’s
until 1911 Functions as a buffer state Economy is focused on herding and animal
products
Mongolia Tourism
Yurts Nomadic lifestyles National parks Deserts Paleontology Communist legacy, heritage