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Leçon 12: L’imparfait
FREN 120
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A few quick notes about material from the chapter before getting started…
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Tu fais quoi comme travail?• Basic rules of describing work:
1) If the noun is unmodified (you aren’t describing it further), you do not need an article.
- Il est medecin.- Elles sont étudiantes.
2) If the noun is modified (you are describing it further), you DO need an article.- Il est un medecin intelligent.- Elles sont des étudiantes parasseuses.
3) If you use “c’est” or the plural “ce sont”, you always need an article.- C’est une secretaire.- Ce sont des secretaires travailleuses.
*NOTE: Pay attention to the use of INDEFINITE articles (un/une/des). As always, they mean one or some, while the use of DEFINITE articles (le/la/les) means a very specific thing. (Il est le medecin de mes parents.)
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Tu fais quoi comme travail?• A quick note about women in business:
• In traditional French, there are very few variations of masculine professions for women.– Elle est medecin. (medecin is always masculine)
• NOT elle est medecine.
– Elle est secretaire. (secretaire is always feminine)
• There is some debate and change happening, especially in Canadian French, but stick to the traditional rules.– Angela Merkel est la présidente fédérale de
l'Union chrétienne-démocrate d'Allemagne (changed to the feminine)
– MAIS elle est aussi chancelier fédéral (remains masculine)
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When To Use the Imparfait(and when not to)
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Imparfait Passé Composé
Cause
“Because I didn’t have your telephone…”
Consequence
“…I couldn’t call you.”
Secondary Action
“I was sleeping…”
Primary Action
“…when the fire alarm sounded and woke me up.”
Background Action
“While I was at work…”
Specific Action
“…you went to the supermarket.”
“Yesterday, I bought a new skirt. It’s very beautiful but not too long, not too short.”
Description of a person (appearance, clothing)
“She had long blond and curly hair, and she wore a red dress.”
Succession of Events
“I woke up, ate, dressed.”
Description of exterior conditions
“It was beautiful outside. The trees were in bloom.”
Habitual Action, Recurring Action
“Everyday, when I was little, I ate a tartine with Nutella…”
Change, passing from one state to another
“She dyed her hair blond.”
“He was single two months ago (<- IMPARFAIT) but now he married. (<- PC)”
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Imparfait or Passé Composé?
1. Because I forgot my raincoat…2. …I returned home in cab.3. She ate at the restaurant.4. My brother moves the car on
Tuesdays.5. While I read my book…6. The doorbell rang.7. He was so good looking.8. I parked the car, made dinner and
called you.9. It was a cold and rainy night.10. When I was a little girl…11. I watched Mary Poppins everyday.
1. Imparfait2. Passé Composé3. Passé Composé4. Imparfait5. Imparfait6. Passé Composé7. Imparfait8. Passé Composé9. Imparfait10.Imparfait11.Imparfait
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Imparfait ou Passé Composé?
• Hier, il _____________(décider) de vendre ses tableaux.
• La mère de Cendrillon ___________ (mourir) quand elle ________(avoir) six ans.
• Elle __________ (savoir) ce poème par coeur.• Mon frère ___________ (avoir) cinq ans quand il
____________ (commencer) l’école primaire.• Hélène _____________ (vouloir) retourner en
France, mais je lui a demandé de rester.
a décidé (PC)
est morte (PC)avait (IMP)
savait (IMP)avait (IMP)
a commencé(PC)voulait (IMP)
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• Je _________ (voir) ce film hier.• Ils ___________ (faire) les achats le lundi.• Mon cousin ____________ (tomber).• Ma grand-mère _____________ (retourner)
en Suède quand elle __________ (avoir) 94 ans.
• Je ___________ (écouter) la radio quand tu ____________ (téléphoner).
• Son père __________ (partir) il y a trois ans.• Qui ____________ (voler) ma voiture?• Nous ____________ (visiter) le musée le
samedi, sauf quand il __________ (pleuvoir)
ai vu(PC)
faisaient (IMP)
est tombé (PC)
est retournée (PC)avait (IMP)
écoutais (IMP)as téléphoné (PC)
est parti (PC)a volé (PC)
visitions (IMP)pleuvait (IMP)
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• Paul McCartney __________ (ecrire) la chanson, “Let It Be”.
• Je ne ___________ (aller, pas) au Louvre.• Il ne ____________ (venir, pas) à l’heure.• Il ne ____________ (venir, jamais) à l’heure.• Je __________ (avoir) peur des araignées.• Marie ____________ (essayer) deux fois.• Je __________ (regarder) la Tour Eiffel
plusieurs fois.• Il ___________ (être) une fois.• Ernest Hemingway _________ (naître) aux
Etats-Unis.
a écrit (PC)
suis pas allée (PC)est pas venu (PC)
venait jamais (IMP)
avais (IMP)a essayé (PC)
ai regardé (PC)
était (IMP)
est né (PC)
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Forming the Imparfait
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It all begins with nous…
Step One: Conjugate the verb into it’s present tense “nous” form.
Aimer – nous aimonsParler – nous parlonsPrendre – nous prenonsAller – nous allonsAvoir – nous avonsVendre - nous vendons
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It all begins with nous…
Step Two: Remove the ending “-ons”.
Aimer – aimonsParler – parlonsPrendre – prenonsAller – allonsAvoir – avonsVendre - nous vendons
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It all begins with nous…
Step Three: Add the correct imperfect endings.
Aimer – j’aimaisParler – tu parlaisPrendre – il parlaitAller – nous allionsAvoir – vous aviezVendre - ils vendaient
je -ais
tu -ais
il/elle/on -ait
nous -ions
vous -iez
Ils/elles -aient
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It all begins with nous…
• Verbs that end in –cer add a cedilla to the “c” before an ending that begins with a.
commencerje commençais
tu commençais
Il/Elle/On commençait
nous commencions
vous commenciez
Ils/elles commençaient
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It all begins with nous…
• Verbs that end in –ger add an “e” before an ending that begins with an “a”.
Mangerje mangeais
tu mangeais
Il/elle/on mangeait
nous mangions
vous mangiez
Ils/elles mangeaient
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Le problème de être
The verb être is the only verb with an irregular imperfect stem, meaning it cannot be derived from “nous”.
Je étais
tu étais
Il/elle/on était
nous étions
vous étiez
Ils/elles étaient