Download - Leadership models
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LEADERSHIP MODELS
The Trait ModelThe Behavior ModelFiedler’s Contingency Model House’s Path Goal Theory Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership
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HOUSE’S PATH-GOAL THEORY
How leaders motivate employees to accomplish designated goals.
Leader’s Style Employee Characteristics
Work Setting
Goal: To increase employee performance and satisfaction
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EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION
People are motivated when they believe…
EFFORT OUTCOMERESULTS
More effort will lead to positive
results
These results will lead to a
rewardThe reward is
valuable to me
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MOTIVATIONAL ROLE OF LEADERS
Leaders must demonstrate that1. Efforts will produce positive results 2. Results will lead to favorable rewards3. The rewards are valuable
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BASIC PREMISES OF PG THEORY
Leadership generates motivation when:1. The rewards are attainable and meaningful
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BASIC PREMISES OF PG THEORY
Leadership generates motivation when:2. The path to goals is clear and easy to navigate
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BASIC PREMISES OF PG THEORY
Leadership generates motivation when:3. The style of leadership matches the situation
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DIRECTIVE LEADER
Acts in an authoritative manner, giving employees specific
directions and clear expectations
Gives strict expectations
Creates clear rules and regulations
Sets performance goals and behavior standards
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SUPPORTIVE LEADER
Cares about employees’ well-being; has a friendly and approachable demeanor
Provides emotional
support
Makes work environment
pleasant
Treats employees as equals
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PARTICIPATIVE LEADER
Invites employees to share in the decision-making process
Consults with
employees
Seeks ideas & opinions
Respects ideas
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ACHIEVEMENT-ORIENTED LEADER
Challenges employees to perform at the highest level possible
Sets high standards and goals
Seeks continuous improvement
Shows confidence in employees’ ability to
achieve goals
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WHICH TO CHOOSE?
Most effective leadership style depends on two groups of contingency variables:
environmental factors individual factors
Goal: choose the style of leadership which will be most effective in specific situations and
with specific types of employees.
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SITUATIONS AND PREFERRED LEADER BEHAVIORS
Leader Behavior Task Characteristics
Employee Characteristics
Directive:Provides structure
• Ambiguous • Complex
• Stubborn, dogmatic• Unknowledgeable• Unclear, less-skilled
Supportive:Provides nurture
• Repetitive, mundane• Unchallenging• Stressful, frustrating
• Unsatisfied• Need affiliation• Need human touch
Participative:Provides involvement
• Ambiguous• Unclear
• Qualified and able • Prefer to have control• Appreciate giving input
Achievement-Oriented:Provides challenges
• Challenging• Complex
• High expectations• Need to excel
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CONCLUSION: PG THEORY MAIN POINTS
Pave a clear path toward goal achievement
Choose the most appropriate style of leadership
Effective leaders: