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Lead II carbonateFormulas:
SnO2NAMING:
Period 8 Day 5
11-5
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Naming:
Acids are named for their anions
Binary: hydro – anion base – ic ending – the word “acid”
Acid - Compound that yields H+ ions (always starts with an H) – molecular compounds that act like ionics
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Naming:
Acids are named for their anions
Binary: hydro – anion base – ic ending – the word “acid”
Non-binary: ate ending becomes ic, ite ending becomes ous
Examples:HF HBr HNO3 HNO2
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Naming:
Acids are named for their anions
Binary: hydro – anion base – ic ending – the word “acid”
Non-binary: ate ending becomes ic, ite ending becomes ous
Examples:Hydrochloric acid
Sulfurous acid
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sulfuric acid
hydrofluoric acid
carbonic acid
Formulas:
HC2H3O2
HCl
H2SO3
NAMING:
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# 2.57 (parts a-g) AND 2.58 (parts a-e) AND 2.59 (parts a-f)
BINDERS!!!
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Lead II carbonate
Phosphoric acid
Formulas:
H2SO4
SnO2
NAMING:
Periods 1 + 3 Day 5 11-5
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Phosphorous acid
nickel III oxide
Formulas:
Pb(CO3)2
HClO3
NAMING:
Periods 3 + 8 Day 6 11-6
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Ionic Compounds & Polyatomic Ions
Oxyanions – polyatomic ions that contain oxygen
ate = ending for most common ion (ClO3- Chlorate)
ite = ending for one less oxygen (ClO2- Chlorite)
hypo = prefix for another less oxygen (ClO - Hypochlorite)
per = prefix for one more than most common (ClO4-
Perchlorate)
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Molecule – group of atoms united by covalent bonds (molecules = molecular substance)
FORMULAS
Empirical - simplified ratio Molecular - How many atoms in a
single molecule (not always a simplified ratio, glucose = C6H12O6)
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FORMULAS
Empirical - Simplified ratio Molecular - How many atoms in a
single molecule (not always a simplified ratio, glucose = C6H12O6)
Structural - Specifies which atoms are bonded to each other (organic chem)
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Molecular Element – molecule of atoms of same element – NOT a compound - like O2, Cl2, O3
H BrONClIF = diatomic molecules - these elements naturally occur as diatomic molecules and not
singular atoms
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Binary Molecular CompoundsBased on Prefixes
1. Less electronegative first – prefix only if more than one atom
2. Second element – prefix, root of name, ending ide (if only two elements)
3.o or a @ the end of prefix is dropped if name begins with a vowel (monooxide, monoxide)
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Mono 1
Di 2
Tri 3
Tetra 4
Penta 5
Hexa 6
Hepta 7
Octa 8
Nona 9
Deca 10
Binary Molecular
Compounds – prefix system
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Write the Name:N2O5
SbF3
Dinitrogen pentoxide
Antimony trifluoride
Binary Molecular Compounds
Write the Formula:
Germanium tetraiodide
diphosphorous trioxide
GeI4
P2O3
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Binary Molecular Compounds
Write the Name:As2O5
ICl3
diarsenic pentoxide
iodine trichloride
Write the Formula:
carbon tetraiodide
dinitrogen trioxide
CI4
N2O3
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Phosphorous acid
nickel III oxide
Formulas:
Pb(CO3)2
HClO3
NAMING:
Period 1 Day 6
11-6
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For each compound below, what type is it (covalent, acid, or ionic), and write the name.
NO2
HNO3
Co3(PO4)2
Day 1 11-9
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Green = halogens
Black = carbons
White = hydrogens
Red = oxygen
Blue = nitrogen
Grey / purple = metal
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Formulas Names
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For each compound below, what type is it (covalent, acid, or ionic), and write the name.
HC2H3O2
Cu3PO3
SF6
Day 2 11-10
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• Molecular compounds− Nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids− Common names
− H2O, NH3, CH4
− Element furthest to the left in a period and closest to the bottom of a group on periodic table is placed first in formula
− If more than one compound can be formed from the same elements, use prefixes to indicate number of each kind of atom
− Last element name ends in -ide
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HI hydrogen iodide
NF3 nitrogen trifluoride
SO2 sulfur dioxide
N2Cl4 dinitrogen tetrachloride
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
Molecular Compounds
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Example 2.7
Name the following molecular compounds:
(a)SiCl4
(b)P4O10
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Example 2.7
Strategy
We refer to Table 2.4 for prefixes.
In (a) there is only one Si atom so we do not use the prefix “mono.”
Solution
(a)Because there are four chlorine atoms present, the compound is silicon tetrachloride.
(b)There are four phosphorus atoms and ten oxygen atoms present, so the compound is tetraphosphorus decoxide. Note that the “a” is omitted in “deca.”
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Example 2.8
Write chemical formulas for the following molecular compounds:
(a)carbon disulfide
(b) disilicon hexabromide
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Example 2.8
Strategy
Here we need to convert prefixes to numbers of atoms (see Table 2.4).
Because there is no prefix for carbon in (a), it means that there is only one carbon atom present.
Solution
(a)Because there are two sulfur atoms and one carbon atom present, the formula is CS2.
(b) There are two silicon atoms and six bromine atoms present, so the formula is Si2Br6.
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An acid can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
For example: HCl gas and HCl in water
•Pure substance, hydrogen chloride
•Dissolved in water (H3O+ and Cl−), hydrochloric acid
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An oxoacid is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element.
HNO3 nitric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
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Naming Oxoacids and Oxoanions
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The rules for naming oxoanions, anions of oxoacids, are as follows:1. When all the H ions are removed from the “-ic”
acid, the anion’s name ends with “-ate.” 2. When all the H ions are removed from the “-ou
s” acid, the anion’s name ends with “-ite.”3. The names of anions in which one or more but
not all the hydrogen ions have been removed must indicate the number of H ions present.
For example:– H2PO4
- dihydrogen phosphate– HPO4 2- hydrogen phosphate– PO4
3- phosphate
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Example 2.9
Name the following oxoacid and oxoanion:
(a)H3PO3
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Example 2.9
Strategy To name the acid in (a), we first identify the reference acid, whose name ends with “ic,” as shown in Figure 2.15.
Solution
(a)We start with our reference acid, phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Because H3PO3 has one fewer O atom, it is called phosphorous acid.
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A base can be defined as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
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Hydrate – ionic substances that absorb water into their solid structures
Anhydrous substance – opposite of hydrates (water-free)
Namin
g1. Name ionic compound
2. use prefix to name hydrate
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Name
CuSO4 • 5 H2O
MgSO4 • 7 H2O
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
Formula
Calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4 • 2 H2O
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Hydrates are compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them.
BaCl2•2H2O
LiCl•H2O
MgSO4•7H2O
Sr(NO3)2 •4H2O
barium chloride dihydrate
lithium chloride monohydrate
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
strontium nitrate tetrahydrate
CuSO4•5H2O CuSO4
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Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon compounds.
C
H
H
H OH C
H
H
H NH2 C
H
H
H C OH
O
methanol methylamine acetic acid
Functional Groups:
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