Download - Le Systeme Local en Hongrie en Anglais
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Local Self-
Government
in Hungary
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Republic of Hungary
Capital-city: Budapest
Government: parliamentary republic
Neighbouring countries: Slovakia,Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia,Slovenia, Austria
Area: 93 030 km2
Population: 10 million inhabitants
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Local Government System
A two-tier system:
3 152 Communes
19 Counties
+ the capital-city with aspecial status
Major acts of parliament dedicated to local government:
1949 Constitution (article 20)
1990 Act on Local Self-Government
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Local authoritiesLevel of LocalGovernment
Organ Description
Communes 22 Cities with county status 19 county-towns and 3 other cities
Manage tasks of both commune and county
Entitled to create districts within their area
Own deliberative assembly
3231 towns and villages The deliberative assembly is elected for a 4-year
termThe mayor is directly elected for a 4-year term
(S)he adopts deliberations on local governmentmanagement, local government organization andlocal administration structure for the communes
City of Budapest (special status)
Counties 19 counties The County Assembly (deliberative body) isdirectly elected for a 4-year term under aproportional representation system.
The President (executive) is elected by theCounty Assembly for a 4-year term
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The capital-city of Budapest
A special legal status with a two-tier system:
23 districts each one follows the municipal model
The Deliberative Power:- a general assembly 88 members are directly elected
for a 4-year term
The Executive Power:
- the General Mayor is directly elected for a 4-year term
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Internal political structure
Local Council
the deliberative organ issuesdecrees Committees delegated tasks from the local
assembly; they prepare decisions, organize andoversee implementation
Mayor the political and administrative headof local government office; he/she represents theassembly; is responsible for implementing localpolicies
Vice-mayor(s) perform their duties under themayors control Local Councillors assess the discharge of self-
government duties that are determined by the
local assembly
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Internal political structure
+ The Mayor and the Chief Executive:
both manage local government departments themayor runs them in accordance with decisions made bythe council, whilst the chief executive heads local
government staff The mayor represents the political side of local
government, whilst the chief executive representsproficiency and permanence in public administration
The chief executive is appointed by the local council foran undetermined period; candidates must have thequalifications that are required by law
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Local authorities responsibilities
Mandatory responsibilitiesFirst category: Defined by 1990 Act on
Local Government Same in each commune e.g. drinking water purification,
health care and welfare system,public lightning
Second category:
Can only be enacted if anyspecific law determines andguarantees the needed financialmeans
Optional responsibilities Implemented upon the local
councils decision or a localreferendum
Based on the localcommunitys requirementsand depend on financialmeans
e.g. public safety, employmentincentives, support for
scientific, artistic and sportactivities
I. Communes:
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Local authorities responsibilitiesII) Counties:
Either mandatory or optional responsibilities
Counties enact responsibilities that municipal councilsare not obliged to implement; these responsibilities are
not determined by governmental statutes A less important role the main duty is to maintain
bodies that provide public services
III) The Capital-city:
District councils fulfil the duties of municipal authorities
The council of the capital-city enacts responsibilities thatdeal with the whole city or more than one district
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Financial means Local revenues
Four categories:
1. Own revenues: local taxes are determined andimposed by municipal councils
2. Shared revenues: a portion of national taxes isannuallydetermined by Parliament anddevolvedto local authorities
3. Mandatory grants from the national budget:
are determined by Parliament in proportion todemographic characteristics of each commune4. Capital investment financing: targeted grants,
deficit financing
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Financial means Local expenditure
They are exceptionally high due to thenumber of local responsibilities especiallyin the social policy sector
Local expenditure include:
1. Staff expenditures
2. Employers contributions
3. Material expenditures