Download - LAW, POVERTY & DEVELOPMENT
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LAW, POVERTY
&
DEVELOPMENT
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EIGHTH SEMESTER
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COURSE OBJECTIVE
To provide an understanding of basic
concepts of poverty and development
and their relationship with law.
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COURSE CONTENTS
MODULE CONTENTS
I Understanding Poverty and Development
Poverty, meaning and concept. Relative dimensions, measurement and determinants. Issues related to poverty in India, developments, perspective, development index.
II Constitutional Guarantees for the poor
Equality and protective discrimination, right to basic needs and welfare, abolition of untouchability and protection of civil rights. Rights to development
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III Criminal Justice System and the Poor
Treatment of the poor by Police, inability to get bail, problems of poor undertrials, working of free legal aid schemes.
IV Impoverishment of Women, Children and Disabled Person
Deprivation of women under family laws, problems of women workers in organised and unorganised sectors, child labour, approaches to disability and rights of the disabled persons, right to education and dignity.
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TOPICS FOR PROJECTS
1. Supreme Court on slum rehabilitation/ development in Mahadev Jagpat case; (2006) 11 SCC 661 and Keya Developers case, (2010) 2 SCC 261.
2. Basis for compelling a public authority, Rubbabuddin case, (2010) 2 SCC 200-A.
3. Supreme Court on land grabbing in Mandal Revenue Officer’s case, (2010) 2 SCC 461-C.
4. Breakdown of marriage as basis of divorce; Supreme Court’s views in Smruti Pahariya’s case, (2009) 13 SCC 338-C.
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5. Treatment of borderline cases concerning Juvenile; Supreme Court in Hari Ram’s case, (2009) 13 SCC 211-B.
6. Deficiencies & inadequacies in Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970.
7. Law laid down in Mandal Revenue Officer’s case; (2010) 2 SCC 461.
8. Voluntary surrender of land; Shankaranarayan Bhat’s case, (2009) 13 SCC 487.
9. Supreme Court on daily wage employees; (2010) 4 SCC 179.
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10. Right to development and Supreme Court (2010) 4 SCC 409.
11. Law on release on probation as seen from Karamjit Singh’s case, (2009) 7 SCC 178.
12. Right of natural guardian to custody of child; Anjali Kapur’s case, (2009) 7 SCC 322.
13. Inhuman or degrading treatment.14. Reduction on quantum of back wages; Bharat
Cooking coal case, (2009) 7 SCC 160.15. Validity of caste certificate; Kurapati Maria Das
(2009) 7 SCC 387.16. Test to determine whether contract labour
genuine or sham, (2009) 13 SCC 374.
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17. Claim for juvenility; (2009) 13 SCC 211.18. Bonafide requirement of widow in an eviction
proceedings. Smt. Rafeequan’s case; decided on 6 Sep 2010 (SC).
19. Supreme Court on child custody in Athar Hussain’s case, decided on 5 Jan 2010 (SC).
20. Right to practice medicine of a Vaidya; Rajasthan Pradesh case decided on 1 June 2010 (SC).
21. Bank loan, public accountability of bank and its officials; Eureka Forbes, decided on 3 May 2010 (SC).
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22. Social welfare legislations; Harjinder Singh’s case, decided on 5 Jan 2010 (SC).
23. Essential ingredients to be a case of dowry death Supreme Court in Siddaramesh case; decided on 05 Feb 2010.
24. Efficacy of Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976.
25. The success of anti poverty programmes in India.
26. Legal issues relating to inter-parental child abduction.
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27. Media and victims of sexual assault.
28. A review of dowry laws in India.
29. Legal issues of long term live in relationship.
30. Rights of visually impaired to pursue professional education.
31. Right to alimony of a muslim wife till and beyond her re-marriage.
32. Condonation of rape by a mere compromise.
33. Legal issues relating to mining in Bellary.
34. Legality of concept of ’backward’ groups amongst Muslims.
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35. Justification for creation of a special fund for road accident victims.
36. Right of a first wife to live separately and seek maintenance.
37. Application of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 over contract workers.
38. ‘Irretrieval breakdown’ as a ground for divorce.
39. Rights of a ‘protected’ workman under Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
40. Legal protection to runaway couples.
41. Legality of double reservation benefit.
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42. Whether failing students below the age of 14 violates the RTE Act. Madras High Court on Don Boscoe Matriculation School case.
43. Right of temporary staff to the Provident Fund.
44. Unreasonable delay in child custody matters.
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Recommended Literature
1. Law, Poverty and Development by Upendra Baxi.
2. State and Poverty in India by Atul Kohli.
3. The Poverty Question by Yogesh Atal.
4. Poverty, Rural Development and Public Policy by Amarendra.
5. Law, Poverty and Development by Universal.
6. Law, Poverty and Development by M.L. Upadhyay.
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LECTURE 1
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POVERTY
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POVERTY
Dictionary meaning
1. The state of being poor, want of the necessities of life.
2. The state of being insufficient in amount.
3. Scarcity or lack.
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POVERTY
Poverty is the lack of basic human needs,
such as clean water, nutrition, healthcare,
education, clothing and shelter because of
the inability to afford them.
This is also referred to as absolute poverty
or destitution.
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ANOTHER MEANING
The condition or state of being poor and
needing money.
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POVERTY LINE
The minimum income level needed to
secure the necessities of life.
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Poverty stricken
means extremely poor
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POVERTY TRAP
A situation in which an increase of income
incurs a corresponding or greater loss of
state benefits, making real improvement
impossible.
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QUOTES
1. The rich rob the poor and poor rob one another.
2. Hungry people cannot be good at learning or producing anything, except perhaps violence.
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Poverty cannot increase in our country
and it can only decrease.
Dr. Manmohan Singh
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RELATIVE POVERTY
It is the condition of having fewer
resources or less income than others
within a society or country, or compared
to worldwide averages.
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FIGURES
1. 77% of the people lived on less than Rs. 20/- a day.
National Commission on Enterprises in Unorganised Sector.
2. 27.5 per cent
Planning Commission
3. Global Hunger Index
India figured at 66 rank among 88 countries and was in alarming category.
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BPL
According to a 2005 World Bank estimate,
42% of India’s population falls below the
international poverty line of o$ 1.25 a day.
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India suffers serious deprivations
in education and health.
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The decision to raise the BPL would mean
more than 10 crore families will have access
to food.
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WHO ARE POOR
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Poor are those who do not meet their
daily needs.
Poor are those who are socially deprived.
Poor are those who feel relatively deprived.
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SOCIAL EXCLUSION
It is the denial of equal opportunities
imposed by certain groups of society upon
others which leads to inability of an
individual to participate in the basic political
economic and social functioning of the
society.
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IDENTIFICATIONS
Method of identifying a group of people as
poor.
AGGRESSION
A method of aggregating the characteristics
of the set of poor people into an overall
image of poverty.
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CONCEPTS
1. Harijan
2. Dalit
3. Garibo Hatao
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THREE GROUPS
1. Chronic Poor (CP) – Those households below the income poverty line with at least one stunted child.
2. Other Poor (OP) – Rest of the poor households.
3. Non Poor (NP) – Those whose income is greater than the income poverty line.
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CHRONIC POOR
A household is identified as chronic poor if
its income is below the poverty line as well
as its children and adults are suffering from
malnutrition.
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Food prices undermine political security
which has a strong two way linkage with
food security.
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DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY
Important Aspects
1. People’s assets
2. The return to (or productivity of) these assets.
3. The volatality of returns
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Using a poverty threshold is problematic
because having an income marginally
below it and those slightly above it may
not have much difference.
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Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs)
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EIGHT GOALS
1. End hunger2. Universal education3. Gender equity4. Child health5. Maternal health6. Combat HIV/Aids7. Environmental sustainability8. Global partnership