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Language
A means of communication.
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Language can be…..
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All languages contain….
Phonemes• The smallest units of
sound in a language.• English has about 44
phonemes.
Morphemes• The smallest unit of
meaningful sound.• Can be words like a or but.
• Can also be parts of words like prefixes or suffixes…”ed” at the end of a word means past tense.
How many phonemes does platypus have?
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Grammar
• The rules of a language.
• Syntax: the order of words in a language.
Is this the White House or the House White?
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Language Acquisition
Stages that we learn language…
1. Babbling Stage2. Holophrastic Stage (one
word stage)3. Telegraphic Speech
Stage• After the telegraphic
stage we get overgeneralization.
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How do we learn language?
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Social Learning Theory
• B.F. Skinner from the Behaviorist School
• Baby may imitate a parent.
• If they are reinforced they keep saying the word.
• If they are punished, they stop saying the word.
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Chomsky’s Theory(nativist theory)
• We learn language too quickly for it to be through reinforcement and punishment.
• Inborn universal language acquisition device
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Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity
• The idea that language determines the way we think.
• The Hopi tribe has no past tense in their language, so Whorf says they rarely think of the past.
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Do animals use language?