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Landscape Business Concepts
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Bid vs. estimate
• Bids are prices you'd charge to build something or do some work that has been clearly defined by a potential customer. • Can often be referred to as a quote
• An estimate is a price you approximate you'd charge to do less-clearly defined work, based on whatever limited information is available. • “With some assumptions and unspecified things, this
is approximately the price.”
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Bids• What are some things to consider in preparing a bid or
estimate to a client?• What did you think about when preparing your business?
• Cost of material• Operating expense• Worker’s comp and insurance• Distance traveled• Number of employees• Quality of workers• Timing
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Contract vs. proposal
• In a proposal, you interpret a potential customer's loosely expressed wishes• You also specify in detail how you'd meet their needs
and how much you'd charge to do it the way you're proposing.
• A contract is a binding agreement between you and a customer, complete with caveats and contingency plans explaining who must do what to hold up their end of the bargain.
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Specifications• Projects need more than drawings to explain what is required.• Specifications are a listing of materials, quality standards, and
time schedules required for a project.• Copies of the specifications are given to each contractor that
want to submit a bid. • These have to be clearly written for client and contractor. • Example:
• 8 sugar maples
• When clearly defined, the client avoids disappointment and deception.
• Specifications require a lot of time and can be very tedious.
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Preparing Cost estimates• Usually prepared as spreadsheets and assembled in columns.• A typical cost estimate includes:• Cost of site clearing• Cost of plant materials• Fee for designing• Allowance• Name of estimator and date of estimate
• The design fee can be handled different ways but is typically charged at 8 to 15% of the total cost.
• Estimate is usually shown at the time the design is shown.
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Homework• You are to do the sample estimate problem found on page 249
in your landscaping book. Check a book out and bring to class, next time, a complete estimate.• On page 248 is an example of what it needs to look like. • Worth 20 points
• 5 points for participation• 5 points for designing it correctly• 10 points for getting the correct answer
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Landscape calculations
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Take-off• The calculations of quantities from plans and specifications is
known as “take-off”. • Take-offs are done at different stages of development. • Can be completed by contractors, management firms,
designers, etc. • The individual assigned to do the take-off is the estimator. • Typical calculations made include:• Unit counts (how much of each plant, brick, etc)• Surface area (lawn size for sod)• Volume (amount of concrete needed)• Time (# hrs. required to clear)
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Take-off• Typical Sequence• 1. quantity calculations (#’s)
• Plants• Surface area• Hardscape material• Volumes
• 2. Time calculations• Prep time• Instillation• Clean up
• 3. Maintenance• Watering• Weeding
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Surface area • 12 inches………. 1 linear foot (LF)• 3 LF……………….. 1 linear yard (LY)• 1,760 yards……………. 1 mile………..5,280 feet• 4,840 sq. yards……….. 1 sq. acre ………… 43,560 sq. feet• 640 sq. acres………..1 sq. mile
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Surface Area Calculations #1• A patio that is 15’ x 15’ is placed onto a lawn that is 35’ x 45’.
• What is the surface area of the patio?• What is the surface area of the lawn?
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Surface Area Calculations #2• What is the surface area of the patio?
5 feet
3 feet
15 feet
12 feet
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Surface Area Calculations #3• What is the surface area of the pool? • What is the surface area of the flower bed?
pool6 feet
6 feet
5 feet10 feet
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Sample Calculation #4• What are the areas of the flower beds A and B?
• How many feet of edging is required to encircle the flower beds?
• A (circle) B (elipse)
8 feet3 feet
4 feet
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Volume Calculations • Volume = l x w x h• Volume = surface area x depth
• 1,728 cubic inches…………………. 1 cubic foot (CF)• 46,656 cubic inches…………………1 cubic yard (CY)• 27 cubic feet…………………………… 1 cubic yard (CY)• 1,000 cubic yards……………………… 1 MCY• M is an abbreviation for 1000
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Volume Calculations #1• Convert 4 CY to CF.
• Convert 4050 CF to CY.
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Volume Calculations • A patio is 20’ x 18 ‘ (Linear Feet). It is to be paved with
concrete 4 inches thick. What is the volume of the concrete required?
• A: 118.8 CF
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Volume Calculations #3• A swimming pool is 30’ x 20’ x 5’. It rests on gravel that is 4’
deep and extends the outside of the area by 3’. How many cubic yards (CY) will be required?
• A: 138.67 CY
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Time • The unit of measurement for time is hours. • Labor costs are calculated based on how many units can be
accomplished per hour.
• Question 1• If a crew can install 400 SY (square yards) of sod in 8 hours, how
many hours will be required to install 280 SY?
• A: 5.6 hours
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Time Calculations #2• If a crew can clear 620 SY of brush in 8 hours, how many hours
would it take to clear 1 square acre?
• A: 62.45 hours
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Time Calculations #3• Flower plantings of 6 MSF can be installed at the rate of 75
plants/hr. when spaced 1 foot apart. The contract requires the flower plantings to be rotated 3 times per season; how many hours will be spent installing flowers?
• A: 240 hours