Download - Lake Valencia, Venezuela
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Colleen NagelAquatic Ecology of the Tropics
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North-Central Venezuela
Surface Area: 350 km^2
Metamorphic rocks from marine sediments (bedrock)
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Aragua Valley : Cordillera de las Costas to the north and the Serrania del Interior to the south
Northern HemisphereITCZDepth~40 metersWarm, monomictic
lake, hyper-eutrophic
Turmero, Venezuelan city, in catchment of Lake Valencia
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Precipitation: 1,000-1,500mm
Loss of water: Evaporation and subsurface out-seepage
During high lake level periods water is lost from outflow over sill at 427 m in SW part of lake
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Fig. 1. Geographic location of Lake Valencia, Venezuela. X denotes the sampling site.
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Average net photosynthesis rate: 7.5 gCm^-2d^-1
High primary productivity lowers O2 levels in deeper water
Cyanobacteria (90% of plankton biomass)dominate over
diatoms and green algae
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Emerged macrophytesFloating macrophytesSubmerged macrophytesPhytoplanktonMicrocystisZooplanktonBenthosFish: Sarotherodon
mossambicus (tilapia), Petenia kraussii, Symbranchus marmoratus (freshwater eel), and Rhamdia quelen (catfish) Petenia kraussii
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Population of Aragua Valley: 2 million peopleMain crops: Sugar cane, vegetables, fruit trees
(banana, mango, citrus), tobacco, cotton, and maize
IndustrializedLake salinity has increased over the past several
decades, due to input waters being diverted and groundwaters were pumped for agricultural irrigation.
Raw sewage discharge, high nutrient concentration and high rates of primary production
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Financed by Interamerican Bank for Development
Laws:Organic Law for Environment (1976)Ordinance for Classification of Waterbodies
According to Its Use (1978)Control natural resources, waterbodies water
treatment, and industrial development