Download - Lactation tetany in mare
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Equine Metabolic diseases
II- LACTATION TETANY OF MARES
Transit tetany of mares, Eclampsia of mares
Website:www.drghanem.co.nr
http://www.bu.edu.eg/mycv/mohamedghanem1
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Definition:
It is a metabolic neuretic disease of lactating mares characterized clinically by stiffness in gait and tetany and biochemically by hypocalcaema
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Incidence, occurrence and predisposing factor:
1-Most cases occur in lactating mares, either at about the l0th day after foaling or 1-2 days after weaning.
2-Mares have a heavy flow of milk.
3-Pregnant mares subjected to hard physical work or exercise (stress of work).
4-Pregnant mares during or after prolonged transport (stress of transport).
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Etiology and pathogenesis
1- The basic constant biochemical finding is low serum calcium level (hypocalcemia) in which serum calcium level ranges between 4-8 mg%
2- Hypo- or Hypermagnesemia have been observed in some cases.
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Clinical signs
Clinical signs are related to the degree of hypocalcaemia, because:
1- When serum calcium level arround 8 mg%, the only clinical sign is increased excitability.
2- At levels of 4-8 mg %, there are tetanic spasms.
3- At levels less than 4 mg%, there are recumbency and stupor (state of unconsciousness).
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The clinical signs proceed as follow: 1-Profuse sweating 2-Muscular fibrillation particularly of the masseter and
shoulder region 3-Trismus (spasmodic contraction of M. of mastication)
but no prolapse of 3rd eyelid 5-Rapid, violent respiration accompanied with wide
dilation of nostrils. 6-Normal temp. or slightly elevated. 7-Dysphagia (unable to swallow) 8- OLiguria or even anuria and constipation. 9- Difficulty in moving, stiffness in gait and
incoordination. 10-Within 24 hours, the animal goes down then tetanic
convulsions develop and death may occur about 48hrs. after onset of illness due to respiratory failure.
Masseter muscle
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Profuse sweating
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Tetanic spasm
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Diagnosis
I-History
II- Clinical signs.
III-laboratory diagnosis: Estimation serum calcium level usually
between 4-8 mg% (normal around 10 mg%)
IV-Therapeutic diagnosis Response to treatment with calcium
preparations
Differential diagnosis: tetanus and laminitis
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laminitis
Tetanus
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Treatment and prevention
I/V injection of 400-800ml C.B.G 25% causes rapid, complete recovery. If no response, repeated after 12 and 24 hours.
N.B:
One of the earliest signs of recovery is the voiding of large volume of urine.
Prevention:
Single IV or S/C. 10 millions I.U. crystalline vit. D immediately after foaling and repeated at weaning time for lactating mares.
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