Download - Labor In The Late 1800s
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Labor In The Late 1800s
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Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
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The Changing American
Labor Force
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Child Labor
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Child Labor
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Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
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The Molly Maguires(1875) Irish Workers
JamesMcParland
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Management vs. Labor“Tools” of
Management“Tools” of
Labor
“scabs”P. R. campaignPinkertonslockoutblacklistingyellow-dog contractscourt injunctionsopen shop
boycotts sympathy
demonstrations informational
picketing closed shops organized
strikes “wildcat” strikes
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A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
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Tools of Management
• Scabs - workers hired to replace those who went on strike
• Pinkertons – detectives hired to report on efforts to unionize and to put a stop to it.
• Yellowdog Contracts - contracts a worker had to sign to get a job in which he agrees NOT to join a union
• Blacklisting – putting out negative information on you so no other company will hire you
• Lockout – Businesses literally locked their doors
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Cont
• Court Injunctions – court orders to return to work
• Open shop- a business where no one had to join a union and anyone could work- this is the opposite of a “closed shop” where a person MUST be a union member to work there
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Tools of Labor
• Sympathy demonstrations – other businesses would walk off their jobs in support of a striking union
• Closed Shops- businesses that required you be a union member to get a job there
• Strikes- walking off your job and refusing to work until management agrees to your demands
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Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
The first organized labor union 1869
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Knights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade card
For skilled labor only
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Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.
ù Workers’ cooperatives.ù Worker-owned factories.ù Abolition of child and prison labor.ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.ù Equal pay for men and women.ù Safety codes in the workplace.ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.ù Abolition of the National Bank.
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The Great Railroad Strike
of 1877
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Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
This proved to be the downfall of the Knights of Labor because it made people think the Anarchists And Socialists were behind the union
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Haymarket Riot (1886)Chicago Illinois
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
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The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel Gompers
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How the AF of L Would Help the
Workersù Catered to the skilled worker.ù Represented workers in matters of national
legislation.ù Maintained a national strike fund.ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.ù Prevented disputes among the many craft
unions.ù Mediated disputes between management and
labor.ù Pushed for closed shops.
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Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated Association of
Iron & Steel Workers
Homestead Steel Works
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Homestead Steel Strike• At the steel plant owned by Andrew Carnegie• He brought in Pinkerton Agency detectives to try to
end it• Had enough money to wait them out until they had
to go back to work in order to care for their families• 2 people killed• Significant to the labor movement because it
hampered unionization until the 1940s – no one wanted to risk organizing a union.
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Attempted Assassination!
Henry Clay FrickAlexander Berkman
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Big Corporate Profits!
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A “Compan
yTown”:
Pullman, IL
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Pullman Strike
• Occurred in 1894• Company laid people off and cut pay but
refused to lower rents• When the Panic was over and people went
back to work the company refused to restore the pay to the pre-Panic level
• The workers called for a strike• The strike was organized by Eugene V. Debs
the leader of the American Railway Union
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The SocialistsEugene V. Debs was a socialist who began theAmerican Railway Union.He believed that the people should controlthe means of production and things should be distributedfairly and workers should notbe taken advantage of.He ran for president 5 times but always lost
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Pullman Cars
A Pullman porter
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The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
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International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
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Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mary Harris. Organizer for the
United MineWorkers.
Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898.
One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.
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Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
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The “Formula
”
unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists
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Labor Union Membership
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The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor