Download - (L9) types of chem. reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions
A reaction takes place if the following indications are observed:
1. Gases are produced2. Precipitates are formed3. Color changes4. Formation of distinct odor
Combination Reaction
Two or more substances react to form a single product.
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Combination Reactions Combination reactions occur when two
or more substances combine to form a compound.
There are three basic types of combination reactions.
1. Two elements react to form a new compound2. An element and a compound react to form
one new compound3. Two compounds react to form one compound
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundA. Metal + Nonmetal Binary Ionic Compound
sg2s NaCl 2ClNa 2
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundA. Metal + Nonmetal Binary Ionic Compound
sg2s MgO 2OMg 2
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundA. Metal + Nonmetal Binary Ionic Compound
s32s AlBr 2 Br3Al 2
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundB. Nonmetal + Nonmetal Covalent Binary
Compound
s104g2s4 O PO 5P
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundB. Nonmetal + Nonmetal Covalent Binary
Compound
3g2s4 PCl4 Cl 6P
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundB. Nonmetal + Nonmetal Covalent Binary
Compound• Can control which product is made with
the reaction conditions.
chlorine limitedin
AsCl 2 Cl 3As 2 s3g2s
chlorine excessin
AsCl 2 Cl 5As 2 s5g2s
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Combination Reactions
1. Element + Element CompoundB. Nonmetal + Nonmetal Covalent Binary
Compound• Can control which product is made with
the reaction conditions.
fluorine limitedin
SeF F 2Se s4g2s
fluorine excessin
SeF F 3Se g6g2s
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Combination Reactions
2. Compound + Element Compound
s5g2s3 AsClClAsCl
g6g2s4 SFFSF
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Combination Reactions
The reaction of oxygen with oxides of nonmetals is an example of this type of combination reaction.
g3 &catalyst
g2g2 SO 2OSO 2
g2g2g COOCO
104264 OPO 2OP
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Combination Reactions
3. Compound + Compound Compound gaseous ammonia and hydrogen
chloride
lithium oxide and sulfur dioxide
s4gg3 ClNH HClNH
3222 SO LiSOOLi
Decomposition Reaction
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Decomposition Reactions Decomposition reactions occur
when one compound decomposes to form:
1. Two elements2. One or more elements and one or
more compounds3. Two or more compounds
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Decomposition Reactions
1. Compound Element + Element decomposition of dinitrogen oxide
decomposition of calcium chloride
g2g2g2 ON 2ON 2
g2yelectricit
2 ClCaCaCl
2sh
s BAg 2AgBr 2 r
decomposition of silver halides
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Decomposition Reactions
2. Compound One Element + Compound(s)
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
g22or Mn or Feνh
aq22 OO H2O H23
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Decomposition Reactions
3. Compound Compound + Compound
decomposition of ammonium hydrogen carbonate g2g2g3s34 COO HNHHCONH
Decomposition Reactions
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Displacement Reactions Displacement reactions occur
when one element displaces another element from a compound. These are redox reactions in which the
more active metal displaces the less active metal of hydrogen from a compound in aqueous solution.
Activity series is given in Table 4-14.
Displacement Reactions
Displacement Reactions
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Displacement Reactions1. [More Active Metal + Salt of Less Active Metal]
[Less Active Metal + Salt of More Active Metal] molecular equation
(s)aq3(s) aq3 Ag CuNO Cu +AgNO
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Displacement Reactions Total ionic equation
You do it!
Net ionic equationYou do it!
(s)-
aq3aqs-
aq3aq Ag NO+CuCu +NO+ Ag
(s)aq(s)aq Ag Cu Cu +Ag
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Displacement Reactions2. [Active Metal + Nonoxidizing Acid] [Hydrogen +
Salt of Acid] Common method for preparing hydrogen in the laboratory. HNO3 is an oxidizing acid.
Molecular equation
g2aq342aq42(s) H 3 + )(SOAl SO3H + Al 2
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Displacement Reactions Total ionic equation
You do it!
Net ionic equationYou do it!
g2-2aq4
3aq
-2aq4aq(s) H 3 + SO 3 + Al 2 SO 3+H 6 + Al 2
g23aqaq(s) H 3 +Al 2 H 6 + Al 2
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Displacement Reactions The following metals are active
enough to displace hydrogen K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn, & Pb
Notice how the reaction changes with an oxidizing acid. Reaction of Cu with HNO3.
• H2 is no longer produced.
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Displacement Reactions3. [Active Nonmetal + Salt of Less Active Nonmetal]
[Less Active Nonmetal + Salt of More Active Nonmetal]
Molecular equation
(aq)s2aqg2 NaCl 2 I NaI 2 + Cl Total ionic equation
You do it!
-aqaqs2
-aqaqg2 Cl 2 +Na 2 I I 2 + Na 2 +Cl
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Displacement Reactions Net ionic equation
You do it!
-aqs2
-aqg2 Cl 2 I I 2 +Cl
Double Displacement Reactions
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Metathesis Reactions Metathesis reactions occur when two
ionic aqueous solutions are mixed and the ions switch partners.
AX + BY AY + BX Metathesis reactions remove ions from
solution in two ways:1. form predominantly unionized molecules like
H2O2. form an insoluble solid
Ion removal is the driving force of metathesis reactions.
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Metathesis Reactions
1. Acid-Base (neutralization) Reactions Formation of the nonelectrolyte H2O acid + base salt + water
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Metathesis Reactions Molecular equation
)(2 (aq)(aq)(aq) OH + KBr KOH + HBr Total ionic equation
You do it!
)(2-aqaq
-aqaq
-aqaq OH + Br+KOH+K+Br+H
Net ionic equation
You do it!
)(2-aqaq OH OH +H
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Metathesis Reactions
2. Precipitation reactions are metathesis reactions in which an insoluble compound is formed.
The solid precipitates out of the solution much like rain or snow precipitates out of the air.
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Metathesis Reactions Precipitation Reactions Molecular equation
(s)3)aq(3aq)(32(aq)23 CaCO +KNO 2 COK + )Ca(NO Total ionic reaction
You do it!
s3-
aq3aq
-2aq3aq
-aq3
2aq
CaCO NO 2K 2
COK 2 NO 2 Ca
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Metathesis Reactions Net ionic reaction
You do it!
(s)3-2aq3
2aq CaCO CO +Ca