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In oil-wet rocks, contact angle, !, is greater than 90oand lessthan 180o.
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Example:
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Example:
Waterflooding an oil reservoir in which the reservoir rock ispreferentially oil-wet
Gas injection in an oil- or water-wet oil reservoir
Pressure maintenance or gas cycling by gas injection in a
retrograde condensate reservoir
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Artifical cores were created with increasing concentrations of
organo-silanes to make the cores progressively more oil wet.
The USBM wettability number ranged from 0.649 (strongly
water wet) to -1.333 (strongly oil wet).
Lab work4 shows that a strongly water-wet system will have
breakthrough of water after most of the production of oil has
taken place, and very little production of oil will occur after
water breakthrough.
For oil-wet systems, water breakthrough occurs earlier in the
flood and production continues for a long period after water
breakthrough at a fairly constant water/oil production ratio.
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The above figure4 shows that the core can change its
wettability characteristics from water-wet to oil-wet after
immersion in oil for long times.
Under waterflooding, oil-wet rock will generally have lower
recovery than water-wet rock.
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Note that wettability measurements using core samples yield
an indication of wetting preference of the rock in the lab!
. Notnecessarily in the reservoir.
Knowing the wettability does not allow us to predict multi-
phase flow properties. We still need to know capillary pressure
and relative permeability in order to predict the multi-phase
properties. However, knowing the wettability helps us
understand the reservoir and anticipate or explain its behavior.
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1. Amyx, J.W., Bass, D.M., and Whiting, R.L.: PetroleumReservoir Engineering, McGrow-Hill Book Company New
York, 1960.
2. Tiab, D. and Donaldson, E.C.: Petrophysics, Gulf Publishing
Company, Houston, TX. 1996.
3. Core Laboratories, Inc. A course in the fundamentals ofCore analysis, 1982.
4. Donaldson, E.C., Thomas, R.D., and Lorenz, P.B.:
Wettability Determination and Its Effect on Recovery
Efficiency, SPEJ(March 1969) 13-20.