Download - l2 - Inteligence, Thinking and Knowledge
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FAH 0033
THINKING SKILLS
2. INTELLIGENCE, THINKINGAND
KNOWLEDGE
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Thinking vs Intelligence
The belief that intelligence and thinking are thesame has led to 2 unfor tunate con clus ion sin
education:
1. That nothing is to be donefor students with ahigh intelligence because they will automatically
be good thinkers.
2. That nothing can be donefor students without ahigh intelligence because they cannot ever be
good thinkers.
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Intelligence, Thinking & Knowledge
A car analogy:
Intelligence is like the horsepower of a car.
Thinking is like the skill of the car driver.
Knowledge is like the fuel of the car.
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utp ghf 0033 (1)
Intelligence, Thinking &
Knowledge
Driving Skills
Horsepower Fuel
Horsepower = Intelligence
Fuel = Knowledge
Driving skills = Thinking skills
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Difference between Intelligence & Thinking
A less powerful car may be driven well.
A powerful car may be driven badly.
The skill of the driver determines how the power ofthe car is used.
The skill of the thinker determines how intelligence
is used.
Therefore, intelligence and thinking are not the same.
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Thinking vs Intelligence
People of limited intelligence can learn to think
well.
The trained thinker has the advantage. Thinking is the operating skills with which we
use our intelligence.
Thinking skills can be developed and improved.
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The Intelligence Trap
Situation
Seeing
Judging
Situation
Seeing
Exploring
Judging
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2 Aspects of the Intelligence Trap
1. The more intelligent the person, the better the
defense of his own view.
The better the defense of his view, the less theperson sees any need to listen to others.
As a result, many highly intelligent minds are
trapped in poor ideas because they can defend
them so well.
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2. He thinks he is more intelligent than others
(may be a correct view) and wants to get the
most satisfaction from that intelligence.
This is the quickest way to prove someone
else wrong, which establishes his superiority.
Being constructive is less rewarding.
So, being critical and destructive is a much
more appealing use of intelligence.
It is even worse with the Western notion that
critical thinking is enough.
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Concept of Practice
We think everyday but this does notautomatically make us better thinkers. If you
practice poor thinking, you will become an
extremely skilled poor thinker.
Consider the case of a two-finger typist.
He/She is extremely skilled in doing the right
thing the wrong way.
We want to do the right things the right way.
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Conclusion
1. Three ways to acquire a skill:
- Practice
- Practice
- Practice2. Practice makes perfect X
3. Perfect practice makes perfect
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FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Berfikir sesaat itu lebih baik daripada
sembahyang sunat selama tujuh puluh
tahun.
Lihatlah bulan, lihatlah langit, lihatlah
bintang dan fikirkan.
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Prof. Dr Syed Hussein Alatas
Jangan kita jijik pada perkataan akal, seolah-olah akalbertentangan dengan wahyu. Akallah yang membedakan
hadis palsu dari hadis benar, sunah palsu dari sunah benar,tafsir salah dari tafsir benar, fikiran maju dari fikiran buntu,pendapat sesat dari pendapat tepat, kupasan mendalam darikupasan cetek, fikiran gigih dari fikiran lembap, dan ucapanmerendah diri dari ucapan angkuh.
Let us not detest the word reason (akal) as though reason iscontradictory to revelation (wahyu). It is reason that separatesthe false hadith from the true hadith, the false sunnah fromthe true sunnah, the wrong interpretations from the correct
interpretations, progressive thinking from retarded thinking,deviant opinion from wise opinion, in-depth analysis fromshallow analysis, robust thought from weak thinking, andhumble speech from arrogant speech.
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COMPULSORY READING
Edward de Bono. (1993). Introduction: Why We
Need New Thinking About Thinking.In Teach
Your Child How to Think. London: Penguin
Books. pp. 5-12.
Edward de Bono. (1993).Attitudes. In TeachYour Child How to Think. London: Penguin
Books. (pp. 6972).
Edward de Bono. (1993). Under WhatCircumstances? In Teach Your Child How to
Think. London: Penguin Books. (pp. 174 -176).