L2 Grammar & VocabularyL2 Grammar & VocabularyBy Jessica Li 2013By Jessica Li 2013
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Grammar Grammar Paragraph I
♣ Recent studies have shown/indicated that being obese / obesity can pose a serious threat to our health. Ex. Deforestation can pose a threat to many animals’ habitats. ♣ ---, it is vital/critical/important/essential that S+ (should) +VR
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Grammar Grammar
Ex. 為了安全起見,學生在做實驗時遵循老師的指導是很重要的。
For the sake of safety, it is vital/critical that students should follow their teacher’s directions/ instructions when doing an experiment.
♣ keep in shape = stay fit
Ex. 規律的運動和低脂的飲食可以讓你保持好身材。
Regular exercise and low-fat food can help you keep in shape/ stay fit.
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GrammarGrammar
♣ no matter what +N
Everyone is born equal no matter
what races he/she belongs to.
♣ no matter what method we apply/
adopt
IQ test is a universally-accepted method that is often applied to evaluate a person’s intelligence.
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GrammarGrammar
Paragraph 2 ♠ Our diet matters/ counts/ is
important ----
Nothing matters/ counts more than
your safety.
♠ the food that are potentially/ possibly
damaging to our health
= the food is likely to ruin our health
in some way 5
GrammarGrammar
♠ absorb/take in/consume excessive/excess/surplus numbers----
Ex. 許多年輕人有肥胖的威脅因為他們攝取過量的油炸食物和含糖飲料。
A mass of youngsters are under threat of being obese because they absorb excessive numbers of fried food and sugary drinks.
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GrammarGrammar
♠ Many of us sometimes absorb excessive numbers of certain nutrients, such as fat, saturated fat, sugar, and salt, which can risk our health unknowingly/ without our knowledge.
She never procrastinates any work that is assigned, which enables her to keep everything on track.
The thief sneaked into the house unknowingly/without our knowledge.
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GrammarGrammar
♠ label (V) 標籤化 / 分類為 (N) 標籤 To racists, they tend to label
colored people as inferior ones.
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GrammarGrammar
Paragraph 3
♥ Green, amber/yellow, and red
respectively / individually
represent/mean/signify ---
= The lights convey different
messages about the contents of
food
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GrammarGrammar
♥ Basically, the more green lights we see on a package of food, the healthier that food is.
EX. 你的背景知識越多, 你越能快速理解複雜的理念。
The more background knowledge you have, the more likely you are to grasp complicated ideas/concepts.
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GrammarGrammar
♥the food is not low in those nutrients
↔ is rich/ high in
Fertile soils are often rich in minerals.
♥be aware of N ↔ be unaware of N
EX. 這個老人似乎專注於他的困擾, 以致於沒有察覺我的存在。(preoccupy)
This old man seemed to be preoccupied with his trouble and wasn’t aware of my presence.
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GrammarGrammar
Paragraph 4
♦ know at a glance = know instantly
♦ The symbols that this system uses
are instantly recognizable/ can be
identified easily---
The lustrous coat made the little
girl instantly recognizable in the
crowds.
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GrammarGrammar
♦ In addition, it can be universally
applied / be applied to people around
the world.---
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GrammarGrammar
Paragraph 5
Nevertheless/ Nonetheless, there is
opposition to this idea.
= a lot of people oppose to this idea
People in the food industry
complain that this approach to food
labeling is too simplistic/ simplified.
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GrammarGrammar
giving exact figures ----is preferable/
more suitable.
Sitting home alone is preferable to
spending the night with a group of
rough children.
Advocates /Proponents of traffic light labeling for food counter/refute this argument by saying that simplicity is the virtue/ advantage of this system.
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GrammarGrammar
EX. Patience is virtue ( 美德 ). ----, lest consumers should( 萬一 )
ignore ----
Senior students are working hard
for the admission exam, lest they
should have poor grades.
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GrammarGrammar
Paragraph 6
Ω In spite of the fact that/ Despite
the fact that/ Although/ While not
everyone ---
Ω There are times when ----
Ω We are what we eat.
= The food we consume affects our
health and shape.
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VocabularyVocabulary
1. pose (V) cause/ ask/ sit or stand in a particular position / pretend
(N) position
The graduates posed for a group photograph.
The gang entered the building posing as workmen.
The models adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.
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VocabularyVocabulary
2. disturb sb ↔ distract sb from sth
The continuous noise from the
street _____me a lot.
The continuous noise from the
street _____ me from my studies.
disturbed/ distracted
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VocabualryVocabualry
3. maintain (V) make sth stay at the same level / keep sth in a good condition/ insist / keep
maintain law and order ( 維持治安 )
The accused/defendant kept
maintaining his innocence.
They maintained that they were out
of the country when the crime was
committed.
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VocabularyVocabulary His income was barely enough to
maintain a family.
6. potentially (adv.) ----textbook
7. excessive (adj)=excess = surplus
excessive rainfall/ drinking
EX. 過度運動會對關節造成潛在傷害。 Excessive exercise will be
potentially harmful to your joints.
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VocabularyVocabulary
10. respective (a) separate
respectable (a) very good
respectful (a) show respect for N
With a grand sum of savings, she
continues to lead a _____ life after
she retired.
respectable
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VocabularyVocabulary
They are each recognized specialists in their ______ fields.
respective
You should be more ____ of others’ points of view.
respectful
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VocabularyVocabulary
11. consumer (N)
consumer price index
消費者物價指數 EX. 減稅能在不景氣後增進消費者的 信心。 Tax-cuts will boost consumer
confidence after the recession.
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VocabularyVocabulary
11-1. consume (V) eat/ use energy or
time
Ex. The hotel was burned down.
The hotel was consumed by fire.
Ex. The aged woman was heart
broken.
The aged woman was
consumed with sadness.
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VocabularyVocabulary
11-2. consumption(N)
♣ alcohol consumption
♣ human consumption
Ex. To prevent the risk of
kidney failure, the patient has to
cut down ______.
alcohol consumption
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VocabularyVocabulary
Ex. The steak, which is a mix of beef
and horse meat, isn’t good for ____.
human consumption
11-3. time- consuming = take a lot of
time
Sorting the stack of clothes is a
difficult and time-consuming
process.
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VocabularyVocabulary
15.Barrier (N)---textbook
16. Currently (adv)---textbook
17. opposition(N) disagreement/ the state of being different
Ex. 正邪之間的對抗已延續數千年。 The opposition between good and
evil has lasted for thousands of years.
The Opposition 反對黨
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VocabularyVocabulary
Protest marches will be held in opposition to the building of the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant.( 核四廠 )
17-1. oppose (V) oppose (to) N/Ving
= be opposed to N/ Ving
The board will bitterly oppose to the proposal of cutting the faculty due to the tight budget.
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VocabularyVocabulary
EX. 那些參與會議的人都全部反對無薪 假。 Those who attended the meeting
were totally opposed to unpaid
leave.
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VocabularyVocabulary
18. Industry (N) ----textbook
18-1.industrious(adj)= hard working
An industrious student like him will definitely achieve a lot in the future.
20. advocate (N)=proponent ---textbook
opposite: opponent
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VocabularyVocabulary
21. counter(V) refute/ oppose
“That’s not what I meant,” he
countered.
21-1. counter (adv) in the opposite way
The government’s plan runs
counter to the previous one due the
strong opposition of the masses.
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VocabularyVocabulary
20-2. counter(N) 櫃台 / opposition
The employer’s association was
seen as a counter to union power.
→ The employer’s association was
in opposition to union power.
20-3. counterpart(N) the man or the thing
that has the same function or position
in a different place
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VocabularyVocabulary
The Foreign Minister held a talk
with his Chinese counterpart.
→ The Foreign Minister held a talk
with the Chinese Foreign Minister.
22. argument (N) reason/ intention/
disagreement---textbook
There are strong arguments for
and against euthanasia ( 安樂死 ).
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VocabularyVocabulary
22-1. argue(V) for or against N
The victim’s family strongly
argued for death penalty.
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