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Knowledge Creation Spiral in the Web-based Collaborative
Learning Model
Fong-Ling FuNational Chengchi University, Taiwan
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Research Purposes
n Most e-learning studies are centered around improvement in course materials
n Little effort has been made to improve knowledge acquisition in an e-learning context.
.
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How to improve learning performance??
n ‘instructional’ design nLearning community
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Nonaka’s Knowledge spiral and Bloom’s taxonomy of knowledge
ExternalizationSocialization
Internalization Combination
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Web-based Collaborative Learning Model
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Courseware development
n The courseware was “Introduction to Software”. n Development tool : Macromedia Flash MX.n Using a role playing designn including gams: Connect the Dots, Guess Who,
EYEZMAZE, etc.
(a) Guess Who (b) EYEZMAZE
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Pedagogic design of Learning Processes
OP
NN
Competition
Non-Competition
OO
CO
Non-Cooperation Cooperation
Four Groups Design
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Enhancement Design on Collaboration and Competition
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Questionnaire Design (5 scales)
¨perceived usefulness¨self-efficacy¨social presence¨enjoyment ¨subjective recognition n active learning n competence enhancement.
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objective measurementsn Content knowledge based on Bloom (1956n Analysis skilln Synthesis skilln Organization skill
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Sampling
n 221 participantsn 58% females 42 males
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
nothing belearned
memorization comprehension application /analysis
synthesis /evaluation
NNOOCOOP
(a) Content knowledge level
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
bad passed acceptable good excellent
NNOOCOOP
(b) Analysis
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
bad passed acceptable good excellent
NNOOCOOP
(c) Synthesis
No significant difference across the four groups is observed
(d) Organization
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•
ExternalizationSocialization
Internalization Combination (a) Knowledge Spiral in the NN class
ExternalizationSocialization
Internalization Combination
•
(b) Knowledge Spiral in the CO class
ExternalizationSocialization
Internalization Combination
•
(c) Knowledge Spiral in the OP class
ExternalizationSocialization
Internalization Combination
•
(d) Knowledge Spiral in the OO class
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Conclusions
n Collaborative learning generates larger amount of accumulated knowledge in its socialization process.
n Competitive learning generates more circular curves in the spiral
n Coopetitive groups reported the best learning performance
n The findings show social presence is critical to not only enjoyment but also knowledge improvement
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Thank you very much for your attentionQ&A