![Page 1: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Knee jointType:
Synovialcompoundcomplex?hinge/ condyloid/ saddle
![Page 2: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Knee joint- articular surfaces
Condyles of femur, Condyles of tibia patella
lateralMedial
![Page 3: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ligaments and cartilages
• Fibrous capsule• Ligamentum patellae• Oblique popliteal ligament• Arcuate popliteal ligament• Tibial collateral ligament• Fibular collateral ligament
![Page 7: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
contd.
• Cruciate ligaments: Anterior &Posterior
• Menisci: Medial &Lateral
• Transverse ligament• Meniscofemoral ligament
![Page 8: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
•Patellar ligament
Continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon
Extends from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
![Page 10: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Tibial collateral ligament
• extends from medial femoral epicondyle to medial tibial condyle.
•Firmly attached to medial lemniscus
•Prevents medial dislocation
•Taut on extension
![Page 11: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fibular Collateral ligament
•extends from lateral femoral epicondyle to Head of fibula.
•Separated from lateral lemniscus by popliteus tendon
•Taut on extension
•Limits extension and adduction
![Page 12: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Oblique popliteal
•Expansion of semimembranous tendon
•Passes upwards obliquely from medial condyle of tibia.
Arcuate popliteal
• from head of fibula, arches sup. and med. To fuse with articular capsule
![Page 13: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cruciate ligaments (intracapsular)
Anterior:
•From ant inter condylar area of tibia up to lateral femoral condyle
•Prevents forward sliding of tibia on femur
•Taut during extension
![Page 14: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cruciate ligaments:
•posterior:
•From posterior inter condylar area of tibia up to medial femoral condyle
•Prevents backward sliding of tibia on femur
•Taut during flexion
![Page 15: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Menisci, transverse ligament & meniscofemoral ligaments:
Medial
Is C-shaped
Is attached to medial collateral ligament.
And interarticular area of the tibia
![Page 16: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Menisci, transverse ligament & meniscofemoral ligaments:
lateral
Is nearly circular
Is separated from fibular collateral ligament by the tendon of popliteus muscle.
Transverse ligament : binds the anterior horns of the lateral & medial menisci
![Page 17: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Synovial membrane
Lines the intracapsular part,
Attaches to patella and menisci.
Reflects on cruciate ligaments
Ant. Covers the infrapatelllar pad of fat
![Page 18: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Synovial membrane and bursae:
![Page 19: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Relations:• Anterior-
tendon of quadriceps along with ligamentumpatellae and patellar retinacula
• Posteromedial-sartorius and tendon of gracilis
• Posterolateral-tendon of biceps, common peroneal nerve
• Posterior-popliteal vessels, lymph nodes;tibial nerve posterior to the vessels;both heads of gastrocnemius and plantaris
![Page 21: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Bursae around knee jointa) ANTERIOR
1) Suprapatellar (between femur & quadriceps)
2) Subcutaneous prepatellar (between patella & skin)
3) Deep infrapatellar (between tibia & patellar ligament)
4) Subcutaneous infrapatellar (between tibial tuberosity & skin)
![Page 23: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
B) LATERALbetween1) lateral head of gastrocnemius & capsule2) fibular collateral ligament & biceps3) fibular collateral ligament & popliteus4) popliteus & lateral femoral condyle
![Page 24: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
B) MEDIALbetween1) medial head of gastrocnemius & capsule2) tibial collateral ligament & tendons of sartorius, semimembranosus and gracilis3) deep to tibial collateral ligament & between femur/capsule/medial meniscus/tibia/semimembranosus4) tendon of semimembranosus & medial tibia condyle5) tendons of semimembranosus & semitendinosus
![Page 25: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Blood supply:• Descending genicular br. of
femoral• Superior, middle and inferior
genicular br. of popliteal• Anterior and posterior
recurrent genicular br. of anterior tibial
• Circumflex fibular and descending br. of lateral cirumflex femoral
![Page 26: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nerve supply:
• Posterior division of obturator• Femoral through nerves to vasti• Tibial through superior & inferior medial
genicular and middle genicular• Common peroneal through superior &
inferior lateral genicular and recurrent genicular
![Page 27: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Movements:• Flexion-
biceps femoris/ semimembranosus/semitendinosus/ gracilis/ sartorius/popliteus/ gastrocnemius/ plantaris
• Extension-quadricepstensor fasciae latae
![Page 29: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
movements (contd.)• Lateral rotation (with foot on the ground)-
popliteus (unlocking)/semimembranosussemitendinosus/ gracilis/ sartorius
• Medial rotation (with foot on the ground)-bicepstensor fasciae latae
![Page 30: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Locking and unlocking
• Locking: In full extension: A slight medial rotation of femur on tibia (screw home position)
• Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped the rotation of lateral femoral condyle, pulls lateral lemniscus backwards.)
![Page 31: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
•Ligament sprains
Applied anatomy
![Page 32: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Meniscal tears:
![Page 35: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• BursitisHousemaid’s knee (prepatellar)Clergyman’s knee (subcutaneous infrapatellar)Deep infrapatellarSuprapatellarPopliteal cysts
![Page 36: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
•DeformitiesGenu varum (adduction deformity)Genu valgum (abduction deformity)
![Page 37: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
•Aspiration•Arthroscopy•Replacements
![Page 39: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Knee joint lectures/Anatomy/LL-knee...femur on tibia (screw home position) • Unlocking: A slight lateral rotation of femur on tibia ( Popliteus acts as key; contraction has helped](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041615/5e3ae9b90155166f721f2421/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)