KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association
INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
www.kit.edu
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Management ofManagement ofWaste Incineration Waste Incineration
ResiduesResidues
2nd SYNERGIA Forum June 10, 2010, Athens
National Hellenic Research Foundation
J. VehlowInstitute for Technical Chemistry -Thermal Waste Treatment Division
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
flows of solid masses in a MSWI plant in kg
MSW1000
filter scrubberfurnace / boiler
7 – 152 - 5
150 – 250
20 – 40(dry)
12 – 18(wet withouteffluents)
0,5 - 2(wetwith effluents)
< 0,05
Fe 20 - 50
non Fe 5 - 15
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
minerals in bottom ash
glass
gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7)
iron oxide (Fe3O4)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
selected elements in bottom ash and lithosphere
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
German standards for landfilland utilisation
DIN EN 12457-4
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
TOC in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale)
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4
day 18
day 19
day 20
day 21
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TOC in wt %
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
PCDD/F in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale)
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4
day 18
day 19
day 20
day 21
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
PCDD/F in grate ashes between 1985 and 2005
soil
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
PC
DD
/F i
n n
g(T
E)/
kg
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DIN EN
12457 - 4
metals
pH influence on heavy metal leaching
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH
log
(c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
pH reduction by aging
day 1
day 2
day 4
day 18
day 19
day 20
day 21
9 10 11 12 13 14
pH in eluate
fresh aged
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
pH influence on leaching of Pb
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
treatment of bottom ash for utilisation (Hamburg)
utilisation
(source: Zwahr 2005)
storage formaturing
beltscale
>10 mm
airclassifier
beltscale
tofurnace
sieve10mm
<10 mm
raw ash
sieve32mm
magneticseparation
eddy currentseparation
ferrousscrap
<32 mm
nonferrousscrap
impactcrusher
magneticseparation
eddy currentseparation
sieve32mm
ferrousscrap
nonferrousscrap
>32 mm
>32 mm
disposal
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DEV S4 results of 26 bottom ash samples
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DIN EN 38414-4 leaching of various materials
Cr
Ni
Cu
Zn
Pb
0.1 1 10 100results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation
bottom ash rec. concrete gravel
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
bottom ash treatment for quality improvement
filter APCboiler
• washing• metal separation• sieving• aging• fusion
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DEV S4 leaching of treated grate ashes
Ni
Cu
Zn
Pb
0.1 1 10 100results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation
aged sintered fused
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
bottom ash management in selected EU countries
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
selected pollutants in bottom and filter ash
PCDD/F
concentration in mg/kg (PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
filter APCboiler
• solidification• stabilisation• vitrification• leaching/sintering• asphalt filler• salt mine backfilling• central storage for future mining
boiler and filter ash management options
• washing• metal separation• sieving• aging• fusion
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
boiler filt
er
1.
sc
rub
be
r
2.
sc
rub
be
r
Hg recovery
extraction
heavy metal recovery
liquid
extrusion
binder
grate ash+ 3R product
scheme of the 3R Process
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
conclusions
bottom ashes - can be utilized as building material e.g. in road construction- secondary treatment pays only if a high quality of the
products can be achieved
fly ashes - disposal depends on local conditions - inertisation processes are developed- storage for future mining
gas cleaning strategy- should be selected according to the best residue disposal
option