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Kirtsaeng: First Sale, Libraries, Parallel Markets)
TRLN Meeting July 13, 2012Anne Gilliland—UNC
http://www.flickr.com/photos/11831132@N00/134329177 Photo by Logan Ingalls Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)
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Facts in Kirtsaenghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/30898003@N08/4258328532 Photo by mksavage Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
• Grad student from Thailand
• Relatives bought textbooks overseas & Kirtsaeng resold in U.S.
• Textbooks were intended for foreign market
• Liable for copyright infringement—imported without rights holder’s permission
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Issue: How do Section 602(a)(1) of the Copyright Act, which prohibits the importation of a work without the authority of the copyright’s owner, and Section 109(a) of the Copyright Act, which allows the owner of a copy “lawfully made under this title” to sell or otherwise dispose of the copy without the copyright owner’s permission, apply to a copy that was made and legally acquired abroad and then imported into the United States?(http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/kirtsaeng-v-john-wiley-sons-inc/)
Supreme Court Granted Certiorari
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22522518@N06/3001725500 Photo by Ancrew Deci Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
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A Few Brief Copyright BasicsPhoto by Kristen Taylor http://www.flickr.com/photos/80985143@N00/3584352662 Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)
• “Bundle of Rights– Reproduction– Make derivative works– Distribution– Public performance– Public display – Public performance through a
digital audio transmission • Limitations• Wide Variety of Things
Can be Copyrighted
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Physical Ownership vs. Ownership of Copyrighthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/47691521@N07/4371001458 Photo by opensource.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/47691521@N07/4371001458
• First sale doctrine• Codified in Section
109– Libraries get special
treatment
• Doctrine of exhaustion
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Section 602:Infringing Importation or Exportation
http://www.flickr.com/photos/11831132@N00/134329177 Photo by Logan Ingalls Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)
• Importation of copyrighted work “without the authority of the owner…under this title…is an infringement.”
• Circuits split on how to interpret
• Libraries get limited special treatment under 602
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Parallel Markets, Quality King, Costco
• Parallel markets have increased
• Quality King: “round trip” sale & distribution limited by Section 109
• Costco—Supreme Court tied in 2010
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Library Copyright Alliance Amicus Brief
• Wording & meaning of the statutes
• Policy concerns• Other alternatives
(none of them great)
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Is the Sky Falling?http://www.flickr.com/photos/52039388@N08/5139149403 Photo by Alexander Vaughn Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)