Keywords / ConceptsPsychologist Keywords
Pavlov Classical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus/ResponseConditioned Stimulus/Response
Harlow Learning to LearnPhysical Contact ComfortPeer Contact
Skinner Operant ConditioningReinforcementReinforcement Schedule
Seligman Learning HelplessnessExplanatory StyleInternality
Bandura Social Learning TheorySelf Efficacy TheoryModeling
Classical Conditioning:• A process of behavior modification by which a subject
comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response.
• The Office, College ConditioningVocab:
• Unconditioned Stimulus – event that leads to obvious response w/out training
• Unconditioned Response – obvious response w/out training
Pavlov
Vocab:• Conditioned Stimulus – event that under normal
circumstances would not create a response• Conditioned Response – learned response to the
conditioned stimulus• Generalization - respond to something similar to CS• Discrimination – respond differently to different stimuli• Extinction – if CS is not presented, the CR will die out
Dog Experiment:• Unconditioned Stimulus / Response: meat powder /
salivation• Condtioned Stimulus / Response: bell ring / salivation
Pavlov
Keywords / ConceptsPsychologist Keywords
Pavlov Classical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus/ResponseConditioned Stimulus/Response
Harlow Learning to LearnPhysical Contact ComfortPeer Contact
Skinner Operant ConditioningReinforcementReinforcement Schedule
Seligman Learning HelplessnessExplanatory StyleInternality
Bandura Social Learning TheorySelf Efficacy TheoryModeling
Operant Conditioning:• Behavior modification because of a reward or punishment• Operant conditioning is different than classical conditioning
because operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors (classical conditioning focuses on reflexes and involuntary behaviors)
• Pigeon• Big Bang Theory
Reinforcement & Punishment:• Reinforcement causes a behavior to happen more often• Punishment causes a behavior to happen less often
Skinner
Reinforcement & Punishment:• Positive Reinforcement (reward)• Negative Reinforcement (removal of a negative, ex noise)• Positive Punishment (punishment, ex shock)• Negative Punishment (penalty, ex take away a toy)
Reinforcement Schedule:• Ratio Schedule (reinforcement depends only on the # of responses)• Continuous Reinforcement (every behavior is reinforced)• Fixed Ratio (every nth behavior is rewarded)• Variable Ratio (the # of responses necessary to produce
reinforcement varies)• Fixed Interval (reinforced after every nth amount of time )• Variable Interval (reinforced at periodic amounts of time)
Skinner
