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1Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Disaster Management at VITO
N. Lewyckyj – VITOHarbin, July 6th 2008
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2Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Structure of the presentation
• VITO in a nutshell
• Disasters & sensors
• Main VITO projects dealing with DM
• Some conclusions and trends
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3Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
VITO in a nutshell
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4Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
• Autonomous public research company (shares 100 % owned by Flemish government)
• > 510 highly qualified researchers and technicians• Bridge between scientific knowledge and industrial applications or
government policy
Mission: As an independent and customer-driven research organization, VITO offers :
- innovating, technological solutions- scientifically based advice and support
aiming at : - stimulating sustainable development
- reinforcing the economic and social structure in Flanders and in Europe.
VITO : Flemish Institute for Technological Research
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5Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
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6Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
VITO activities
• VITO is an independent research organisation • 3 main research fields : energy-materials-environment• Research projects on behalf of European (EC, ESA)
and National authorities (policy support)• Technology development in cooperation with industry • Annual budget : 78 M€ (2007)
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7Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATIONS
MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATIONS
INNOVATION ANDRENOVATION
INNOVATION ANDRENOVATION
• Integrated environmental studies
• Environmental measurements
• Environmental toxicology
• Remote sensing and earth observation processes
• Energy technology
• Materials technology
• Environmental and process technology
VITO is structured according to seven “departments”
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8Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Integrated environmental studies
• Product and technology studies• BAT and EMIS• Risk evaluation and
environmental damage costs• Emission reduction strategies
• Water and soil pollution
• Electromagnetic environmental pollution
• Atmospheric processes
www.emis.vito.be
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9Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Different atmospheric models
• PC-Puff (local, using real-time meteo, different altitudes and back modeling possible)
• Imission Frequency Dispersion Model (local to regional, forecasts, more complex but also more accurate)
• Street canyon models (coupled to traffic emission models)
• Aurora (regional to national) to be run by specialists
• Dioxines models (IFDM coupled to HYSPLIT)
• …
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10Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Dispersion and exposure modelling of environmental pollutants
Dispersion modelling• air
– continuous or accidental emissions ↔ ambient air quality
– traffic ↔ urban air quality
– indoor product emission ↔ indoor air quality
• groundwater• surface water (continuous or accidental releases ↔ surface water quality)
Exposure modelling • exposure to air pollutant and related health effects • exposure to soil and water pollutants via the foodchain
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11Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Environmental measurements• Reference laboratory for environmental analysis and measurements
– responsible for accreditation of commercial labs– responsible for development and validation of recommended analytical procedures– state of the art analytical infrastructure
• Measurement and analysis of all types of pollution observed in our environmentwater, soil, solid waste, air (emissions, ambient air quality, indoor air quality)
• Advanced analytical equipment in- and organic analysesbio-assays and in-vitro testing to analyse directly probable health effects (genotoxicity, carcenogenicity, immune-system,...)
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12Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Environmental measurements
• Moving teams carrying “light weight” equipments
• Mobile car equipped with different sensors and with positioning system
• Biclycle equipped with an “utra fine particle” detector
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13Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Aerosols up to Ultra Fine Particles, video camera, gps, P-trak, noise measurements and PID-monitor
AëroFlex II: Biclycle equipped with an “utra fine particle” detector
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14Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
AëroFlex II: values are not disturbed by the measurement method
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15Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Micro and mini UAVs to be equipped with air pollution sensors and wind measurements
25 - 40 cm
~ 2.5 m
MIRAMAP
~ 1.5 m
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16Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Environmental toxicology
Study of environmental and health risks associated with new products and environmental pollution
– Environment and health – Ecotoxicology– Biotechnology
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17Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Remote sensing and earth observation processes
Remote sensing and image processing– Space- and airborne sensors – Advanced research and image processing– Production & distribution of derived products
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18Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Remote sensing centre of expertise (TAP)
• Operational processing of VEGETATION images (Spot 4 & 5)
• Use of low resolution data for agriculture (Africa, ...)
• Acquisition & use of airborne Hyperspectral data (soil contamination, sand movement, quality of water, …)
• Development & use of new technologies (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and sensors)
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19Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
RS sensors
• MEDUSA is a very light weight high resolution digital camera (GSD 30 cm from 18 km altitude)
• Airborne Prism EXperiment (APEX) is a unique airborne imaging spectrometer
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20Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Environmental and process technology• Water treatment and re-use
• Soil analysis and decontamination, incl. ground-water
• Waste
• Air
• Membrane technology
• Reactor technology
• Process optimalisation
• PRODEM: SME
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21Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Scientific and technical expertise related to catastrophe management
• Measurement and analysis of environmental pollutants (air, soil, water)
• High level expertise with regard to dispersion modelling of environmental pollutants in air, soil, surface water and ground water
• Toxicology study• Modelling of human exposure to environmental pollutants,
including effects on human health• Remote sensing (airborne, space borne, UAVs)
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22Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Disasters & sensors
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23Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Type of events affecting people• Natural
avalanches, droughts, sand storm, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, …
• Technological transport accident, building collapse, explosion/fire,food poisonning, dam failure, industrial accident, pandemic (SARS),…
• Security terrorism, massa hysteria & panic, hooliganisms, bombing, biological agents, …
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24Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Other type of disasters
• Ecosystem destruction (e.g. oil spills)
• Ressources destruction (e.g. bomb fishing)
• Communication failure (e.g. financial world)
• Air pollution (e.g. smog events)
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25Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Disaster – Crisis Characteristics
• Suddent event• Rapidly evolving• Needs radip decisions (=> rapid information)• Large impact on society (human & environment)• Important uncertainties• Sometimes limited communication possibilities• Multi-disciplinary, multi-level (multi-end user)
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26Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Disaster properties define type of information required
• Geographic extend gaz explosion vs Tsunami 12/06
• Time scale and duration of the effectsroad chain-accident vs Chornobyl
• Amount of people affectedtrain accident vs Bopal
• Known riskEarthquake zones vs train accident
• …
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27Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Information is generated by analysing and fusing data coming from “sensors”
Sensors(raw data)
Data (pre-) processing
DSSdata fusion and
expert knowledge
Information for decision makers
Existing data bases
Rescue teams
Observators(population)
We do not consider here communication aspects although that are also
crucial
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28Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Sensor types are multiple
Stand-alone vs
networks
On-site vs
remote (incl. lab)
Fixedvs
mobile
Realvs
virtual
Automatic vs
manual
Hardware vs
human
Wired vs
wireless
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29Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Main VITO projects related to DM
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30Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Phases for disaster management
Response• Activation of sub networks• Deployment of new networks•Refinement of data•Access to wide data
••
Monitoring
CrisisAlert•Real time monitoring& forecasting
•Early warning
Post Disaster
Reconstruction
Recovery
Preparedness Scenarios developmentEmergency Planning maps
Months / years
Hours / days
Minutes / hours
Years / decades
Weeks / months
Continuous
Prevention and Monitoring•Deployment of monitoring networks•Improvement of modeling & prediction
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31Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Prevention - monitoring
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32Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
GMFS Project - Context• GMESGMES
– GGlobal lobal MMonitoring for onitoring for EEnvironment and nvironment and SSecurityecurity– Joint EC and ESA initiativeJoint EC and ESA initiative
• GMFSGMFS– GGlobal lobal MMonitoring for onitoring for FFood ood SSecurityecurity– Is one of the demonstrator projects of the ESA Is one of the demonstrator projects of the ESA
TIGER initiative for AfricaTIGER initiative for Africa– Operational delivery of user-driven servicesOperational delivery of user-driven services– 2 phases 2 phases
• 2003-2004: Startup, consolidation & definition2003-2004: Startup, consolidation & definition• 2005-2008: Implementation2005-2008: Implementation
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33Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Service Product Name Description
Support to CFSAM
GMFS Support Kit for FAO/WFP CFSAM missions (SK)
The package contains a compilation of Geographic information on vegetation status, crop yield forecasting, production data, overall environmental conditions and problem areas, as per best information available (from GMFS and other sources) at the time of writing
Early warning Vegetation Productivity Indicator (VPI)
Assessment of vegetation/crop state based on to historical time series based on SPOT-VGT
Fraction of Absorbed Photo synthetically Active radiation (fAPAR) / DMP
Fraction of Absorbed Photo synthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR), indicator on state of the canopy, based on MERIS RR (end phase 1)
Agricultural mapping (60-70% accuracy)
Crop emergence date (CED)
Date of emergence of crops/vegetation, based on SAR data
Cultivated area (CA) Cultivated area over selected, localized areas based on SAR data and ground observations
Extent of cultivation (EoC)
Extent of the cultivated areas at country level, based on SAR optical data (MERIS/MODIS) and ground observations.
Agricultural productivity (AP)
Qualitative assessment of potential productivity in the cultivated areas (High – low productivity)
Crop Yield assessment
Crop Yield (CY) Estimated and forecasted crop yield by main crop type at country level based on Agro-meteorological models integrated with Remote Sensing
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34Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Where?
• Sub-Saharan Africa
– 3 Regions • CILSS, IGAD, SADC
– 5 Countries• Senegal, Malawi• Sudan, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe
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35Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Yield Prediction
-
GMFS Yield Forecast for Millet (Senegal 2005 growing season) (ULg)
explanatory variables •phenological variables (FAO agrometshell
software)•The remote sensed variables •The meteorological variables
statistical study
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36Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Aïda: Advancing ICT for DRM in Africa
• EU FP7 project, just started• From Africa / for Africa• Multi-hazard approach• Aim: information communication• VITO acts as a coordinator
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37Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Objectives Reduce the risk of natural disasters Improve the capacity to respond to disasters Bridge the ICT information gap in Africa Provide stakeholders in Africa with decent access
to ICT information Promote existing, successful and adequate ICT
solution share this information
Open up the GEONETCast system for alerting purposes
Establish a long-term ICT-cooperation with and within Africa
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38Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Synergy?
Bottom up (AÏDA)
Half way (website/promotion
Irma tech demo/ workshop)
Top Down (IRMA)
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39Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Prepardness
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40April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – all rights reserved
SEVESEOAn EO demonstration project
funded by the Data User Element of the Earth Observation Envelope Program(7 users from 4 countries)
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41April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – all rights reserved
SEVESEO IS Client – Substances viewer
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42April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – all rights reserved
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43Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
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44Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
RESDIM (in preparation)
• Simulation massive people avacuation
• Use real-time RS coupled with traffic modeling
• Contact with Police crisic centre in Leuven (Belgium)
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45Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
DDK Project:Funded by the Belgian Science
Policystudying the vegetation dynamic to
avoid embankments breaks
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46Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
DDK Project
• Funded by the Belgian Science Policy
• Studying the vegetation dynamic to avoid embankments breaks
• Using hyperspectral remote sensing
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47Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Unmixing results
Marram
GrassMoss
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48Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Alert
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49Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Smog (O3) prediction and alert system for Belgium
http://www.irceline.be/~celinair/smogstop/ozgraph_nl.html
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50Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
VITO signs contract to supply air quality management system
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51Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting in China (AMFIC)
http://www.amfic.eu/
• Prediction of pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere of the city of Shenyang
• Considered pollutants: O3, SO2, NO, NO2,CO, CH4 and PM
• Also air quality in the city of Beijing during the Olympic Games 2008
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52Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
VITO uses its own developed AURORA air quality model
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53Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
AURORA : input terrain data for 3-km domain
Domain : 150km x 150km @ 3km spatial resolutionTerrain data : - vegetation information : VEGETATION / SPOT - land use : GLC2000 - sea surface temperature : MODIS - topography : Digital Elevation Model
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54Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Trial simulation : E-MAP for Beijing
NOx emissions PM10 emissions
Beijing : - 50x50km², 1km resolution- August 2006
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55Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Hyperpeach: Hyperspectral remote sensing for crop assessment in peach orchards
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56Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Field campaign
Leaf level
Canopy level
ASD in situ reflectance measurements
SPAD measurements of foliar Chlorophyll
Biochemical leaf chlorophyll measurements
Airborne level
ASD in situ reflectance measurements
AHS airborne hyperspectral sensor
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57Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Stress (Chlorosis) can be detected on tree and canopy levels
Leaf: R2=0.95 (regression), R2=0.81 (inversion)
Canopy: R2=0.60 (regression), R2=0.49 (inversion)
Requirements on resolutionSpectral requirement: medium
Spatial requirement: high (tree identification!)
Approach
Model inversion < regression (training!)
Standard inversion < Adapted simulated annealing + filtering
Vegetation indicesVegetation indices were developed and high correlation was
found between iron stress and chlorophyll content
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58Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Response
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59Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
http:// www.osiris-fp6.eu
Open architecture for Smart and Interoperable networks in Risk management based on In-situ Sensors
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60Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
The OSIRIS project
International EU FP6 project : 10 partners + 4 end-users
Use of sensors & sensor networks for DM (sensor web)
4 demonstrations: - forest fire, - industrial accident, - air quality and - water quality
Each time 2 phases: monitoring & crisis
VITO: RS for forest fires & dispersion models for air quality
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61Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
MobileGround Control Station
Central Data Processing
Centre (CDPC) in Mol
SWE
PC
MONITORING / SUPERVISION
REAL TIME IMAGERY
UNPROCESSED DATA
RAW DATA COMPRESSED
PROCESSED DATA
RS systemMONITORING / SUPERVISION
Remote sensing system
OSIRIS TRUCK
WIRELESS SMART IMAGING SENSOR
BU BU
BU
SWE
POSITIONNING SENSOR SYSTEM
MAP
Firemen : 19
Trucks : 3
HOUSES
ROAD
FOREST
FIRE
SATELLITE COM
WIRELESS COM
WIRED COM
LEGEND
SATELLITE COM
WIRELESS COM
WIRED COM
SATELLITE COM
WIRELESS COM
WIRED COM
LEGEND
DISPLAYOPERATOR
SWE
Forest fire global deployment
BU
BU
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62Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
User interfaces
Firemen : 19
Trucks : 3
MAP
PC
VSAT
GCS1
UWB1
UWB2
UWB3
UWB4
CAM1
CAM2
CAM3
ARSS
Houses
ROAD
FOREST
FIRE
WIND DIRECTION
The user will access some displays, based on OSIRIS generic applications on firemen existing displays. The goal is to provide displays fusing all sensor data information in the most operational way.
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63Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
MobileGround Control Station
Central Data Processing
Centre (CDPC) at VITO (Mol)
RA
W D
AT
A R
EA
L TIM
E
RAW DATA COMPRESSED
PROCESSED DATA
RS SYSTEM
Description of the RS system within OSIRIS
TE
LEM
ET
RY
Platform
TA
SK
ING
COMPRESSED DATA
SWEµ-PAF
HAP TASKIN
G
METE
ORO
LOG
ICAL
DATA
AB3 Satellite
REQUEST FOR DATA
RS platform(s)
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64Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
We will generate georeferenced images in near real time from video stream
MercatorLow.mpg
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66Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
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67Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Belgian Dioxin crisis in 1999
• Problem : huge contamination of the Belgian human food chain by dioxins (PCDD/PCDF)
• Reason : reuse of contaminated waste animal fat in the animal food chain (feed of pigs and chickens)
• Threat to human health and enormous economic damage • VITO was established immediately by the Belgian
government as the reference lab to organise and perform the control analyses
• Development of new fast screening methods (CALUX) • Development of a food chain model to assess consumer
exposure and effects to public health
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68Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Oil fire in Brussels
• Fire at the MARLY company
• Fire during several days with continuous release of toxic gases in the atmosphere
• VITO was asked to assess the situation
• Use of the IFDM atmospheric model + environmental measurements
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69Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Case Arcelor-Mittal : Integrated approach exposure population to Cr and Ni and estimation health risks.
• Measurements on the company terrain diffuse and derived emissions of fine particules (PM10)
• Measurement of the environment in the surrounding• Use of dispersion models• measurements : on the company personel aiming at
assessing the exposure • measurements arround the company: via different exposure
pathways: hovering particles – deposited particules – inside and outside
• exposure modelling on the basis of the performed measurements
• speciation of Ni (NiS, NiO, metallic Ni) and Cr (Cr(VI), Cr(III))
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70Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Hg-pollution in the Brussels region
• Sending the measurement car
• Samples taken and rapidly analysed in the labo
• Analyse on the basis of atmospheric models
• Source of van Hg-pollutie identified
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71Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Post crisis – dammage assesment
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72Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Seasonal robustness of an empirical SPM algorithm for the Scheldt (Belgium)
Private partner Research partner
Titel die ik heb opgegeven: Retrieval of suspended sediment concentrations in tidal rivers"
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Introduction: Conventional methods for measuring SPM concentrations
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Turbidity measurements• Point measurements are expensive
• difficult to install in some locations
• The number of points is always limited
• the extent of the area for which measurements are relevant is often unknown
OBS turbidity meter
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74Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
SPM concentration maps 2005 - examples
At high tide 2h after high tide
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75Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
The Kabar project (Tanimbar, Indonesia)
Mapping of coral reefs using hyperspectral data;
L. Bertels, E. Knaeps, S. Sterckx, B. DerondeFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Belgium
Tony Vanderstraete Stijn Van Coillie, Rudi GoossensGeography Department, Ghent University, Belgium
The Indonesian archipelago with its many coral species is called the ‘centrum of biodiversity’.
biological richness & valuable socio-economic resources
Many threats are posing stress on coral reefs.
pollution, sedimentation and unsustainable fishing activities Objectives: monitoring system efficient mapping
- provide information for decision making
- protecting coral reef environments
KArang TanimBAR
Pulau Nukaha
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76Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Number of Number of Number of classes Number of classes spectra extracted clusters obtained after cluster aggregation after manual fusion Fore reef 2236 237 20 12 Reef crest 288 36 10 6 Back reef 758 31 10 8 Shallow lagoon 2134 162 20 6 Deep lagoon 963 52 12 4 Total 6379 518 72 36 17
Similar bottom types in different geomorphological unitsare finally manual fused to obtaine 17 meaningful classes.
IntroductionIntroductionField surveyField surveyHyperspectral dataHyperspectral dataClassification - MNF- MNF - Geomorfology- Geomorfology - Endmembers- Endmembers - Benthic cover map - Labelling- Labelling - Accuracy - Accuracy ConclusionConclusionAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
benthic coverage Sand 46%
Algea 24% Ag 1 44.1 %Ag 2 21.8 %Ag 3 34.1 %
Corals 30% Cg 1 18.9 %Cg 2 3.1 %Cg 3 8.3 %Cg 4 6.8 %Cg 5 33.9 %Cg 6 1.6 %Cg 7 2.0 %Cg 8 7.6 %Cg 9 10.0 %Cg 10 1.8 %Cg 11 6.0 %
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77Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
IntroductionIntroductionField surveyField surveyHyperspectral dataHyperspectral dataClassification - MNF- MNF - Geomorfology- Geomorfology - Endmembers- Endmembers - Benthic cover map- Benthic cover map - Labelling - Accuracy - Accuracy ConclusionConclusionAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
Coral Group 6: Fore reef / ± -2 m ↔ ± -7 mHard coral on calcified rock, minor soft coral.
Acropora sp.; Typical: Acropora palifera
Coral Group 7: Lagoon / ± -2 m ↔ ± -9 mPatch coral.
Different species of hard and soft coral.
Coral Group 10: Fore reef /± -7 m ↔ ± -15 mSoft coral on sandy bottom, minor hard coral.
Sarcophyton, sp.; Gorgonians
Algae Group 1: Back reef / ± -2 mCalcified rock covered with turf algae.
Sparse macro algae are present.
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78Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Stress detection of Heavy-metal
Contaminated Trees : The Maatheide track
The area is contaminated by different Zn, Pb, Cu & Cd –rich minerals.
NFormer location
of thezinc factory
Mol
Lommel
Heavy metal Concentration
(mg/kg)
Zn 10000
Pb 1700
Cu 1000
Cd 10-70
J.Vangronsveld et al., 1995
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79Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Visualization of EGFN along the track
Location of the formerzinc factory.
In the neighborhood of the zinc factory thepine trees show high stress levels. Going further
east or west stress level decreases.
X
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80Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Some conclusions and trends
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81Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
VITO is active in all the phases of a disaster
Response
Prevention and Monitoring
Preparedness
Monitoring
Crisis
Alert
Post Disaster
ReconstructionRecovery
but not always on an operationnal basis
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82Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
End-users are local, regional, national and international authorities
• Flemish fire brigades, municipalities• Antwerp harbour, private industry• Belgian Federal Police and Civil Protection• French and Dutch fire brigades (OSIRIS,
Miramap)• China• African partners (GMFS, AIDA)• …
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83Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
The “perfect” sensor system do not exist
• Only combination of systems provides adequate information, especially for real-time issues
• Interoperability is therefore a key issue
• Selection of information is crucial (avoid data overflow)
• Understanding the end-user needs is not always obvious but is crucial• The end-users are following the technology developments and are mostly
open to innovative trials but theuy mostly trust much more a person than a machine
• During demos, the proposed solution should enhance the performances but not disturb the operationnal system
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84Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Some trends are
• Standardization (e.g. OGC for geographic information)• Development of smart sensors• Direct involvment of the population• Miniaturization and cost lowering• Development of sensor networks/constellations• Higher resolution => more data• Data fusion (all type) will increase• Processing will be more and more automated• Data processing in limited specialized centres
-> communication is very important• Concerning RS, UAV’s will play a major role during the next
decade
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85Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
From EURO UVS report
Micro Flying Robot - Japan
Helios (Aerovironment/NASA, USA)
Sanswire (USA)
TU Delft de Delfly Micro
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86Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Satellites
HAPs
Manned systems
Altitude
Small UAVs
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87Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
The Pegasus system
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88Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Platform: Mercator-1– 32 kg, 18 m wingspan– Rapid launch possible– Solar cells + batteries– Flying attitude : night 14 km - day 18 km– Ground launch or using balloon– Operationnal speed ~ 20 m/s– Endurance: weeks to months– Data downlink (170 Km LOS)
Ground control station– Mobile (container)– Control of UAV– Reception telemetry– Programming trajectories– Reception payload data + archiving buffer– Transmission to VITO-CDPC– Automatic flight planning
Pegasus is a project
Payload: Medusa (ESA contract)– High resolution RGB + PAN camera (GSD 30 cm)– 2kg, 100 cm length, 11 cm frontal diameter– CMOS sensor 10.000 x 1.200 pixels– Up to 1 image every 2 seconds– Max. data rate downlinked : 20 Mbits/sec– Equipped with IMU, GPS, transmittor-receptor, CDHU,
…– Work: only during day
Central Data Processing Center (at VITO)– Software for processing raw data into information– HDF5 self decsribing format (NASA)– Up to level 4 data on request– Archiving of all data (database)– Actually ~60 TB available– Parallel processing
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89Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Mirror Lens groups Lens groups
FPA IMU
GPS GPS antenna
Transmitter
CDHU
E-box tray
• Platform: Mercator-1– Preliminary tests successful abroad (world record)– Scale model tested in Helchteren in June 06– Problem of batteries solved– Ready to fly - wait at Verhaert Space premises
• Payload: Medusa (ESA contract)– Phase B achieved– Phase C/D started– Payload tested and ready for fly : expected for 03/08
• Ground control station– Most part of hardware available– Software still under development at Verhaert– Integration will be done soon by VITO– Customisation for OSIRIS (done by VITO)
• Central Data Processing Center (at VITO)– Software under development– Some test already performed– Next tests (real-time) during Flanders day (22/04)
Pegasus status
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90Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
R ~ swath
GSD = 0.3 m
R ~ 3 km
Update ~ 8.2 min
Coverage ~ 28.3 km²
R ~ 0.5 swath
GSD = 0.3 m
R ~ 2.7 km
Update ~ 1.6 min
Coverage ~ 5.7 km²
Possible coverage offered by the HAP
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92Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
R ~ 0.5 swath
Update ~ 1 min
Coverage ~ 72 km²
Update ~ 25 min
Coverage ~ 314 km²
R ~ swath
Pegasus with GSD = 1 m Swath = 10 km
Update ~ 4.7 hours
Coverage ~ 2500 km²
50 km
50 km
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93Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Pegasus 1m
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94Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Zephyr : endurance WR (54+33 hours)
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95Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Zephyr in White Sand
http://www.newscientist.com/blog/technology/labels/UAVs.html
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96Harbin, July 6th 2008 Confidential – © 2007, VITO NV – All rights reserved
Thank you for your attention
http://www.vito.be