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School of Built Environment
Professor Steffen Lehmann Expert Group Meeting, UN ESCAP, 2-3 Dec. 2014
Key urban environmental dimensions for APUF 6
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The Challenges The vulnerability of cities in the Asia-Pacific region
• Urban poor, equity
• Urban sprawl
• Water supply at risk
• Land use and tenure
• Waste management challenge
• Traffic congestion
• Lack of efficient public transport
• Growing consumption at household level
• Loss of housing affordability
• An existing building stock that is inefficient
• Demographic shifts and an ageing population
• many other challenges…
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Today, all cities are committed to CO2 reduction targets.
Oslo and Copenhagen 2.5 t
Asian cities (average) 4.6 t
European and Chinese cities (average) 5.2 t
U.S. and Australian cities (average) 14.5 t
Average CO2 per Capita*
*does not include air travel
2014: Stockholm has just achieved 50% of its energy generated from renewable energy sources
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Growing Consumption in the Asia-Pacific
Size of the middle-class populations, 2009 and 2030
Source: Kharas & Gertz, 2010
A rising middle-class in the Asia-Pacific: 3.2 bill. by 2030
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The vision: Eco-City
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traditional urbanism = ecological urbanism
Green Urbanism principles Traditional urbanism = Ecological urbanism
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A well designed car
needs less fuel…
…but you will still
cause a traffic jam
Reducing car dependency
Re-compacting cities, doing away with the need to drive.
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S. Lehmann, 2008
A holistic and principle-based
model of integration:
Green Urbanism
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Some key trends and emerging issues for Post-2015 Towards a New Urban Agenda
• Identity transformation: New vs old – loss of identity and
heritage caused by rapid out-of-control urbanization. Better
engage with the existing building stock.
• Cities getting hotter: implementing green urbanism principles to
reduce the danger of the urban heat island effect.
• Public space network: integrating low-carbon mobility concepts
(cycling, walking, public mass transit, electric plug-in), new
types of public spaces, also for an ageing population.
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Some key trends and emerging issues for Post-2015
• Shift in scale towards the urban precinct-scale: better demand
forecasting for resource-efficient, mixed-use precincts utilizing
decentralized systems.
• Values confronting consumption: behaviour change towards
sustainable consumption levels.
• Better participatory processes involving people: new forms of
partnerships, co-operation and sharing are emerging.
• Acknowledging medium-sized cities in the Asia-Pacific: fast
growing intermediate cities offer the best chances to implement
green urbanism principles.
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Recommendations for APUF-6
• Engaging private sector in APUF-6 to link with real
demonstration projects: ‘Living Laboratories’
• Acknowledging medium-sized cities in the Asia-Pacific: fast
growing intermediate cities offer the best chances to implement
green urbanism principles.
• Involving universities and think-tanks for research that provides
the evidence base for better decision-making
• Organise Roundtable Discussions at APUF-6 about these
emerging topics.