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Key Cases in Canadian Charter History
Human Rights – History
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Hunter v. Southam Inc. 1984
Unreasonable search and seizure
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R. vs. Oakes 1985
Innocent until proven guilty
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B.C. Motor Vehicle Reference 1985
An automatic conviction carried a prison term of a minimum of seven days!
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R. v. Collins 1987
Fundamental Justice
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The SCC established that exclusion of illegally obtained evidence is not automatic
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Morgentaler 1988
Abortion Laws
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Ford v. Quebec 1988
Notwithstanding Clause
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R. v. J. 1990
Right to an attorney
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R. v. Lavallee (1990)
Battered Wife Syndrome
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R. v. Askov 1990
Right to be tried within a reasonable time
Justice delayed is justice denied
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R. vs. Stinchcombe 1991
Disclosure
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Romeo Phillion spent 31 years in prison and Romeo Phillion spent 31 years in prison and police knew he had a viable alibipolice knew he had a viable alibi
“It was verified by the Service Station operator in Trenton that on August 9/67 Romeo Phillion had been in the service station between 12:00-1:00 p.m. and left his car radio there because he could not pay for the service call.This made it impossible for him to return to Ottawa by 2:45 p.m. at the time the murder was committed.”
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Egan v. Canada 1995
Gay Rights
Old Age Spousal benefits
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R. v. M. 1998
Students Charter Rights
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Quebec Secession Reference 1998
Quebec Secession
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B.C. v. BCGSEU 1999
Bona Fide Occupational Requirement
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M. v. H. 1999
Gay Rights
Common Law
Benefits!
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R. v. Sharpe (2000)
Limits on Freedom of Expression
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R. v. Golden 2001
Strip Searches
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Rules for Strip Searches
The police must be looking for weapons or drugs The search is authorized by a senior officer The search is done by a same sex officer Body cavity searches are done only by medical
personnel
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United States v. Burns 2001
Capital Punishment
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Bill C-38
Gay Marriage 2005
On July 20, 2005 the House of Commons voted on and passed Bill C-38 making Canada the 4th country in the world to legalize gay marriages
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Charkaoui v. Canada 2007
Security Certificates
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Telus - 2013SCC rules the police need a warrant to obtain text messages from providers
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R. v. Vu - 2013
Computer Searches
SCC states the police need a warrant to conduct a laptop or cellphone search.
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Hassan Rasouli 2013
The SCC rules that doctors cannot unilaterally choose to end life support.
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What’s Next?
Marijuana?
Polygamy?
Dr. Assisted Suicide?
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Supreme Court of Canada Cases for Student Review
The Right Honourable Chief Justice of Canada,
Beverley McLachlin Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
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Charter Assignment
Students are to review Key Charter Cases PowerPoint. At the end of the PP there are 30 new cases to be analyzed. As a single or in pairs students will select a case, do a brief bit of research and put together a slide or two and brief 5 minute presentation on their topic.
Sue Rodriguez and Dr. Assisted Suicide
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A one page case review will be submitted. Included in the review will be:
A print out of the PP slide A synopsis of the case The decision of the SCC and vote count A synopsis of the ratio decidendi A synopsis of the dissenting view (where
applicable) A synopsis of obiter dictum (where applicable) A personal view of the decision
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Charter Assignment 2
Create a pamphlet promoting the Charter of Rights and one of the cases, approved by Mr. O’Reilly, at the end of the power point.
Your Rights as a Victim of Crime
Listen Up - Information for Young People
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A one page case review will be submitted. Included in the review will be:
A synopsis of the case The decision of the SCC and vote count A synopsis of the ratio decidendi A synopsis of the dissenting view (where
applicable) A synopsis of obiter dictum (where
applicable) A personal view of the decision
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1 Tremblay v. Daigle, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 530http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1989/1989rcs2-530/1989rcs2-530.htmlLegal status of fetus; fathers’ rights
2 R. v. Beatty, 2008 SCC 5http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2008/2008scc5/2008scc5.htmlDangerous driving
3 Citadel General Assurance Co. v. Vytlingam, 2007 SCC 46http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc46/2007scc46.htmlVehicle insurance coverage
4 Childs v. Desormeaux, 2006 SCC 18, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 643http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc18/2006scc18.htmlLiability of social hosts
5 Leskun v. Leskun, 2006 SCC 25, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 920http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc25/2006scc25.htmlMisconduct of spouses on divorce
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6 Young v. Bella, 2006 SCC 3, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 108http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc3/2006scc3.htmlNegligence re: child abuse
7 R. v. Teskey, 2007 SCC 25http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc25/2007scc25.htmlJudge’s written reasons delivered 11 months after verdict
8 R. v. Spencer, 2007 SCC 11, [2007] 1 S.C.R. 500http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc11/2007scc11.htmlVoluntariness of confession
9 Madsen Estate v. Saylor, 2007 SCC 18, [2007] 1 S.C.R. 838http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc18/2007scc18.htmlJoint accounts, right of survivorship; presumption of advancement
10 Alliance for Marriage and Family v. A.A., 2007 SCC 40http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc40/2007scc40.htmlThe matter of standing in family law case
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11 Reference re Same-Sex Marriage, 2004 SCC 79, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 698http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2004/2004scc79/2004scc79.htmlSame-sex marriage
12 R. v. Krieger, 2006 SCC 47, [2006] 2 S.C.R. 501http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc47/2006scc47.htmlRight to trial by jury
13 R. v. Clayton, 2007 SCC 32http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc32/2007scc32.htmlSearch and seizure; arbitrary detention
14 R. v. B.W.P.; R. v. B.V.N., 2006 SCC 27, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 941http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc27/2006scc27.htmlDeterrence a principle of sentencing under YCJA?
15 R. v. Trotta, 2007 SCC 49http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc49/2007scc49.htmlEvidence after conviction discrediting Crown’s expert witness
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16 R. v. Singh, 2007 SCC 48http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc48/2007scc48.htmlRight to silence
17 R. v. Marshall, [1999] 3 S.C.R. 456http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1999/1999rcs3-456/1999rcs3-456.htmlTreaty rights; fishing rights
18 R. v. Ewanchuk, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 330http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1999/1999rcs1-330/1999rcs1-330.htmlSexual assault; implied consent
19 Charkaoui v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2007 SCC 9, [2007]1 S.C.R. 350http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc9/2007scc9.htmlCertificates of inadmissibility; review of detention
20 Trinity Western University v. British Columbia College of Teachers,2001 SCC 31, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 772http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2001/2001scc31/2001scc31.htmlDiscrimination on the basis of religion
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20 Trinity Western University v. British Columbia College of Teachers,2001 SCC 31, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 772http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2001/2001scc31/2001scc31.htmlDiscrimination on the basis of religion
21 E.B. v. Order of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in the Province ofBritish Columbia, 2005 SCC 60, [2005] 3 S.C.R. 45http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2005/2005scc60/2005scc60.htmlVicarious liability of employer
22 Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada(Attorney General), 2004 SCC 4, [2004] 1 S.C.R. 76http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2004/2004scc4/2004scc4.htmls.43 CC ~ Corporal Punishment (spanking)
23 Trociuk v. British Columbia (Attorney General), 2003 SCC 34, [2003] 1S.C.R. 835http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2003/2003scc34/2003scc34.htmlBirth registration laws violating s.15 equality rights of fathers
24 R. v. Ruzic, 2001 SCC 24, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 687http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2001/2001scc24/2001scc24.htmlDefence of duress
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25 R. v. Latimer, 2001 SCC 1, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 3http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2001/2001scc1/2001scc1.htmlSentencing; minimum punishment cruel and unusual?
26 United States v. Burns, 2001 SCC 7, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 283http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2001/2001scc7/2001scc7.htmlExtradition Ms. Rubacha
27 Pecore v. Pecore, 2007 SCC 17, [2007] 1 S.C.R. 795http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2007/2007scc17/2007scc17.htmlWills and estates
28 R. v. Mann, 2004 SCC 52, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2004/2004scc52/2004scc52.htmlSearch of pockets
29 D.B.S. v. S.R.G.; L.J.W. v. T.A.R.; Henry v. Henry; Hiemstra v.Hiemstra, 2006 SCC 37, [2006] 2 S.C.R. 231http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc37/2006scc37.htmlRetroactive child support
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30 R. v. Tessling, 2004 SCC 67, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 432http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2004/2004scc67/2004scc67.htmlSearch and seizure based on aerial heat imaging
31 Moge v. Moge, [1992] 3 S.C.R. 813http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1992/1992rcs3-813/1992rcs3-813.htmlTermination of spousal support
32 R. v. Askov, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1199http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1990/1990rcs2-1199/1990rcs2-1199.htmlDelay in trial
33 R. v. Ferguson, 2008 SCC 6http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2008/2008scc6/2008scc6.htmlCruel and unusual punishment
34 Rodriguez v. British Columbia (Attorney General), [1993] 3 S.C.R. 519http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1993/1993rcs3-519/1993rcs3-519.htmlDoctor assisted suicide
35. R. v. A.M., 2008 SCC 19 http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2008/2008scc19/2008scc19.htmlDrug Dogs in Schools
36. Gurbaj Singh Multani http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc6/2006scc6.htmlWearing a Kirpan (religious dagger at school)
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Legal Topics for Police: Interrogations and Confessions
http://www3.telus.net/prtc/Voluntariness.Paper02.html