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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
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John F. KennedyRemembered in many
ways
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Election of 1960Closest Presidential election in over 70
yearsJohn F. Kennedy:
Young, energetic, and a great speakerSenator from MassachusettsDemocrat, CatholicPopular among African Americans
Richard M. NixonVice PresidentFrom CaliforniaNot skirting civil rights issuesExperience
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Elec. of 1960 (cont.)http://www.livingro
omcandidate.org/commercials/1960
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH6nQhss4Yc&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2Jr03ADQmk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLdA1ikkoEc
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Cold War StrategiesJFK took different approach than Eisenhower
Stay away from huge military forces Use smaller elites forces along w/ CIA for
“flexible response” to military engagement
Fight communism in Latin AmericaMake up “missile gap” w/ USSR
Aid to developing nations/ Peace CorpsLook back @ imperialism of T. Roosevelt and
American policies toward Latin America
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The Cuba Problem
Cuban RevolutionBatista gov’t was corrupt; US doesn’t
mind the overthrow at firstDealing w/ communists won’t work
Fidel CastroMajor communist reforms put into
place w/ Soviet helpKennedy’s Problem: Eisenhower
already set up to invade Castro and set up pro-American government
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Bay of Pigs InvasionEisenhower and Nixon plan overthrow of
Castro for monthsLoss of election didn’t stop CIA from pushing
Kennedy into actionCIA-trained force of Cuban exiles were ill-
prepared and the entire attack was mishandledOnly 300 survived
Kennedy and US look badCastro grows in stature
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Bay of Pigs invasion"The United States has no right to meddle
in our domestic affairs. We do not speak English and we do not chew gum. We have a different tradition, a different culture, our own way of thinking. We have no borders with anybody. Our frontier is the sea, very clearly defined.”Fidel Castro
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Cuban Missile CrisisThe Soviets now had access to a country
that posed a great threat to US securityUS implemented a naval blockade to keep
Soviet help out.US removed missiles in Turkey, USSR took
missiles from CubaOpened discussion b/w USA and USSRNikita Krushchev took a lot of heat from
fellow Soviets as being perceived as weak; Kennedy looked calm and pragmatic
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The Berlin CrisisKrushchev long
wanted to control all of Berlin
Kennedy saw it as a Soviet threat and aggression, but would stand behind out Allies
Berlin wall is constructed as a symbol of the divide b/w the Soviets and the Western world