![Page 1: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”
![Page 2: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
But ethnic divisions complicated the situation
![Page 3: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894),who led the
Hungarian War of Independence in
1848/49
![Page 4: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
German & Magyar revolutionaries had little sympathy for
the aspirations of Croats, Rumanians, Ukrainians, & Slovaks
![Page 5: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Second and Third Partitions of Poland, 1793-95
![Page 6: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
“Street Fighting on Rue Soufflot, Paris, June 25, 1848”(3,000 Parisians died in the June Days, vs. 500 in
February)
![Page 7: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The dissolution of the National Workshops in June 1848 provoked desperation in working-class
neighborhoods: Daumier, “The Uprising”
![Page 8: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ernest Meissonier, “The
Barricade,”aftermath of the
June Days of 1848, when the Second Republic suppressed the
democratic clubs
![Page 9: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Louis Napoleon(1808-1873)
won 75% of thevote in the presidential election of
December 1848 and then gained
control of the army and police
![Page 10: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
“Bohemian weavers destroy
machines”in 1848
![Page 11: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“Raging Assault by the Republicans on the German National Parliament, September 18,
1848”
This riot began as a protest against the armistice with Denmark; the crowd demanded a purge of conservative deputies from the National Assembly and lynched two of them before Prussian troops restored order.
![Page 12: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The new flag and the Goddess of
Liberty parade through Cologne
during the short-lived republican uprising of September
1848
![Page 13: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Radical Republicans Friedrich Hecker & Gustav Struve in Baden
![Page 14: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Croatian troops pour into Vienna, October 26-29, 1848:4,000 men died, with casualties heaviest among the students
![Page 15: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Carl Staffeck, “The Execution of Robert Blum,” Vienna, November 9, 1848
![Page 16: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
“The Berlin Citizens’ Militia Opens Fire on Demonstrating Workers,” October 16, 1848.
(From their dress we can tell that membership in the Citizens’ Militia has been restricted to the
bourgeoisie.)
![Page 17: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
General Wrangel agrees with the Citizens’ Militia on a peaceful occupation of Berlin, 10 November 1848
![Page 18: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“A New Method for Granting a Constitution,” satirical cartoon, Berlin, December 1848
![Page 19: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Constitution proposed by the Frankfurt Assembly in 1849
![Page 20: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Frederick William IV receives a deputation from the German National Assembly, Berlin, April 3, 1849.
He later wrote a friend that this offered crown bore the “stench of the revolution of 1848, which was the most stupid and frivolous revolution of this century, even if it was by no means, thank God, the most wicked….”
![Page 21: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
“I carved a pretty crown for your
son, but now he doesn’t want it!”
(Heinrich von Gagern,
Germania, and Frederick William), cartoon from 1849
![Page 22: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
“The New Peter of Amiens”
(1849):The founders of the conservative Kreuz-Zeitung,
Otto von Bismarck, Ernst
Ludwig von Gerlach, &
Friedrich Julius Stahl, depicted
as medieval crusaders.
![Page 23: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prussian troops advance against the revolutionary army of Baden (including Engels) near Rastatt,
June 22, 1849
![Page 24: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
President Louis Napoleon, King Frederick William IV, and Emperor Franz Joseph sweep out the
revolutionaries (1849)
![Page 25: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The revised Prussian constitution of January 1850
![Page 26: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ea35503460f94ba6dc1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Trial of the eleven Cologne Communists in 1852