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John Morris
1©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Agenda:Description/photos of the barrelQuestions/MethodsProvenance-famous, colorful original ownerMakerPhotos of similar hackbutsStock/Lock
2©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Description of the HackbutCast bronze, Iron chaplets visible in breechLength 36.75 in., weight 36 lbs, bore 0.8 in.“Hook“ to take up recoil against solid objectFront and rear sightsOne bronze and one partial iron loop underneath
3©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Description (cont’d)Unknown early coat of arms cast into breechHighly decorated; crosses, flames, trefoils,
etc.Flash pan on side drilled for cover (missing)Nothing remains of original wooden stock
4©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Decoration
5©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Details
6©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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7©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Recent ProvenanceHistory prior to 1960’s is unknown; appears
excavated1960’s-1990’s: W. Keith Neale, Hampton P.
Howell Jr.John Morris acquired in 1990’s
8©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Questions to be answered:Who made it and when?Who first owned it?Where might it have been used?What did the stock look like?Did it have a lock? If so, what kind?What do the decorations symbolize?
9©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Research Avenues TriedQuestions posted on collector websitesNumerous web searchesGun Show displaysEmails to various expertsVisits with experts at Library of CongressSearches of armorials at Library of Congress
10©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Coat of Arms Cast Into GunCOA is that of Schellenberg family of noblesThe peculiar “coffee cup” shape of shield
used on COA’s only ca. from 1470-1525.Ulrich von Schellenberg lived 1487-1558
11©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Gun was made for Nobleman Ulrich von Schellenberg
Ulrich von Schellenberg earned law degree in Italy
Decided on the profession of arms about 1510Employed by Holy Roman Emperors
Maximilian I and successor Charles VCommanded up to 14,000 Swiss mercenariesKnown as fierce fighter and charismatic
leader in many battles in Italy ca. 15010-1529
12©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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13©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Ulrich von Schellenberg (cont’d)
Colonel in Army of Holy Roman Empire (H.R.E.)
Knighted by both Maximilian I and Charles VServed as “secret council” to two emperors of
H.R.EWounded 36 times in one battle, but survivedUsed sheets to hide breech in fortress wallReturned to hometown in Bavaria in 1529Appointed as bailiff of the town of Feldkirch
14©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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15©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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16
©2
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1 S
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C
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©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC 17
Decorations: Symbolic of what? Cross of four
fusils*
*Cram, Webber, CHURCH SYMBOLISM, Kessinger Publishing, 2003
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Who cast this gun?Peter II Mulich of Nuremburg and Zwickau?
“Rings of undulating flames” decoration connects the hackbut to several large bronze cannons cast by Mulich ca. 1525
Hackbut is unsigned but all Mulich cannons were signed and dated
Mulich trained under uncle Peter Vischer; appointed as gunfounder to the Elector Frederick in 1523; was recorded as casting guns in 1523, 1525,1528, 1533; some of his guns shown in the Geschutzbuch of Charles V; retired 1557*
*Kennard, A.N., GUNFOUNDING AND GUNFOUNDERS, Arms and Armour Press, LTD, London, 1969
18©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Similar rings of undulating flames on Charles V cannon named “Lion” by Peter II Mulich, Nuremberg, 1523*
*Essenwein, A., QUELLEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER FEUERWAFFEN, Adademische Druck u.v. Graz 1969
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Charles V cannons dated 1523, 1529 with rings of undulating flames and rings of crosses*
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*Essenwein, A., QUELLEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER FEUERWAFFEN, Adademische Druck u.v. Graz 1969
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Maximilian arsenal inventories, early 16th century
23©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
From Zeugbuch of Maximilian 1
Bronze-barreled Hackbuts
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Maximilian arsenal inventories, early 16th century
24©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
Iron-barreled hackbuts
From Zeugbuch of Maximilian 1
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25
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Example in German Museum, dated “1500-1510,” very similar to Schellenberg hackbut-note rear peep sight, front blade sight, gradual muzzle flare, flashpan, hook*
26 *Essenwein, A., QUELLEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER FEUERWAFFEN, Adademische Druck u.v. Graz 1969
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Details of flash pan and lock
27 *Essenwein, A., QUELLEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER FEUERWAFFEN, Adademische Druck u.v. Graz 1969
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Similar piece in the German National Museum
28©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC Used with permission
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An original “snapping tinder lock”
29©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
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Reverse
30©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
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31©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
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Stock attachment details (privately owned weapon)
32©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
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33
Siege of fortified town.
Schilling, Diebold. Burgerbibliothek Bern,Mss h.h.l.1, pp. 739
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34©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Ulrich von Schellenberg’s life and battles A= home, Feldkirch
•Famous Battles:•Novara 1513•Vicenze 1513• Bicocca 1522•Pavia 1525•Vienna 1529
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37©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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38 *Essenwein, A., QUELLEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER FEUERWAFFEN, Adademische Druck u.v. Graz 1969
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40©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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41©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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42©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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43©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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Pavia Campaign, 1525
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Battle of Pavia, 1525
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Battle of Pavia, 1525
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Detailed views of a complete, privately-owned hackbut
47©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
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48©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
Details (cont’d)
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49©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLCUsed with permission
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52©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC
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53©2011 Springfield Arsenal LLC