![Page 1: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
J.M. AbrilDepartment of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain)
IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008 Project
J.M. Abril, University of Seville1
Lecture 9:
Case studies
Spatial variability in sedimentation rates and radionuclide inventories. An approach from Computational Fluid Dynamics Models
Irish Sea and Härsvatten lake
![Page 2: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville2
![Page 3: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Horizontal movement , with water velocity
Settling velocity
Resuspension
BASIC PROCESSES FOR SPM DYNAMICS AND SEDIMENTATION RATES
BASIC PROCESSES FOR SPM DYNAMICS AND SEDIMENTATION RATES
J.M. Abril, University of Seville3
![Page 4: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bathimetry
The Irish Sea
J.M. Abril, University of Seville4
![Page 5: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Distribution (in % dry weight) of small particles (ф ≤ 62.5 µm) in the top sedimentlayer for the Irish Sea.
J.M. Abril, University of Seville5
![Page 6: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Residual circulation
Stream function (km3 y-1) calibrated by modelling the salinity distribution
J.M. Abril, University of Seville6
![Page 7: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SOURCE TERM:Proportional to freshwater discharges along the shoreline
J.M. Abril, University of Seville7
![Page 8: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SEDIMENTATION RATES arise as net balance of deposition and resuspension or, alternatively, as a mass balance at each grid-cell
SEDIMENTATION RATES arise as net balance of deposition and resuspension or, alternatively, as a mass balance at each grid-cell
J.M. Abril, University of Seville8
![Page 9: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The grid used in our numerical model, with grid lengths Δx = Δy = 5.16 km. Numbers in the X and Y directions are the index used to label each grid-cell. Black boxes represent land and the white ones water. Eq. 1 is solved in the center of each grid-cell at every time step.
J.M. Abril, University of Seville9
![Page 10: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Modelling the mean annual SALINITY distribution served to calibrate the diffusion term in the transport equation
Observed
Model
J.M. Abril, University of Seville10
![Page 11: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Estimated river discharges (km3 y-1) for each coastal sector (defined between arrows) taken from MAFF (MAFF, 1987). Contours (x 103 km3 over each compartment) represent computed steady-state distribution of volumes from these river discharges.
J.M. Abril, University of Seville11
![Page 12: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Computed steady-state spatial distributions of SPM and sedimentation rates
J.M. Abril, University of Seville12
![Page 13: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
VALIDATIONSPM (a) and net deposition (b) vs. distance from the Cumbrian coast-line. Circles are measured values.
SENSITIVY TEST: The continuous line is for our selected set of parameter values . The dashed and point dashed lines corresponds to double and a half value of settling velocity.
J.M. Abril, University of Seville13
![Page 14: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
All these results for w confirm the general accepted impression about the sedimentary processes taking place at the Irish Sea. IOS and MAFF (Kirby et al., 1983) did not found evidences of net erosion nor sedimentation in the mud bank of Cumbria, concluding that the sedimentary regime in this area is relatively stable.
J.M. Abril, University of Seville14
![Page 15: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville15
![Page 16: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
With the permission of the author
J.M. Abril, University of Seville16
![Page 17: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The model solves the three dimensional hydrodynamic equations, using normalized σ coordinates in the vertical
It includes wave–current interaction through by an increase in the current friction factor,
J.M. Abril, University of Seville17
![Page 18: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Suspended matter equations
ms is the SPM concentration, and ws is their settling velocity
Deposition and erosion of the sediment are incorporated into the sea bed boundary condition. Both processes have threshold velocities.
E is the erodability, M (2-5) is some power of the water velocity, and f gives the fraction of particles with a diameter <62.5 lm in the sediment
Includes a source term, as in Abril and García-León, 1992. J.M. Abril, University of Seville18
![Page 19: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville19
![Page 20: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville20
![Page 21: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville21
![Page 22: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lake Härsvatten
J.M. Abril, University of Seville22
![Page 23: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Large-scale and Long-term Environmental Behaviour of Transuranic Elements as Modelled
through European Surface Water Systems.
This work is part of a research project financially supported by the European Commission, Nuclear Fission Safety Programme, Contract No. FI4P-CT96-0046 (DG12-WSMN).
Coordinator: Dr. F. El-Daoushy (Uppsala University, Sweden).
Partners:Dr. F. El-Daoushy (Uppsala University, Sweden)Prof. P. G. Appleby (University of Liverpool, the United Kingdom);Prof. M. García-León (Universidad de Sevilla, Spain);Dr. P. Casper (Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.-Gemeinsame Verwaltung, Germany);Prof. G. Ardisson (Université de Nice, France).
J.M. Abril, University of Seville23
![Page 24: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In radioecology, lakes have often been considered as well mixed water bodies
From CFD studies we know that the magnitude of the wind forced water currents is of the order of some cm/min to few cm/s over spatial scales of the order of few kilometers.
Consequently, the time scale involved in the dispersion and mixing of any input of pollutants will be, typically, of several days or weeks, being the lacustrine system comparable to an estuarine or a coastal areas with length-scales of ten or hundred kilometers and with water currents of the order of 1 m/s.
Thus, the spatial distribution of concentrations and inventories or the focussing, cannot be properly understood without considering the hydrodynamics of the lacustrine water body.
J.M. Abril, University of Seville24
![Page 25: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville25
![Page 26: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Focusing ?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(23
9+
24
0)-
Pu
act
ivity
(m
Bq
/g)
Water depth (m)
J.M. Abril, University of Seville26
![Page 27: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bathymetric map and grid for numerical model
J.M. Abril, University of Seville
"mapdu.dat" 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 29.9
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
27
![Page 28: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
01020304050607080
Sigma coordinates for the longitudinal profile x=12
"profile""profile"
J.M. Abril, University of Seville28
![Page 29: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1 m/min
Surface current, Vv=2.5 m/s
J.M. Abril, University of Seville29
![Page 30: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1 m/min
Bottom currents, Vv=2.5 m/s
J.M. Abril, University of Seville30
![Page 31: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
0
5
10
15
01020304050607080
Wat
er d
epth
(m
)
Y-coordinate (x 13.15 m)
1 m/min
"sec1"
J.M. Abril, University of Seville31
![Page 32: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Wat
er d
epth
(m
)
X-coordinate (x 13.15 m)
1m/min
1 m/min
"sec1t"
J.M. Abril, University of Seville32
![Page 33: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Advective tracks
J.M. Abril, University of Seville33
Vs
![Page 34: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
vs= 10 m/day. Water circulation from RUN 3D1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10203040506070
J.M. Abril, University of Seville34
![Page 35: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
vs= 1 m/day. Water circulation from RUN 3D1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10203040506070
J.M. Abril, University of Seville35
![Page 36: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
vs= 0.1 m/day. Water circulation from RUN 3D1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10203040506070
J.M. Abril, University of Seville36
![Page 37: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles
R. Bindler et al.
Spatial distribution of SPC inventories by quartiles
J.M. Abril, University of Seville37
![Page 38: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
http://www.fysik.uu.se/isotopgeo/NewFiles/trans.html
J.M. Abril, University of Seville38
![Page 39: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Susp
end
ed
matte
r (m
g/l)
Time (hours)
"co1.dat""co2.dat""co3.dat""co5.dat"
"m4"
3
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10203040506070
J.M. Abril, University of Seville39
Modelling SPM dynamics
![Page 40: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
t=1000 h
"m3" 0
0.001 0.0025 0.005
0.0075 0.01 0.1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10203040506070
J.M. Abril, University of Seville40
Modelling sedimentation rates
![Page 41: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Sed
imen
tatio
n r
ate
[g d
ry m
atte
r/ (c
m^2
y)]
Y-coordinate (x 13.15 m)
t=100 ht=500 h
t=1000 ht=2000 h
J.M. Abril, University of Seville41
![Page 42: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
t=600 h
Dissolved (mBq/l)
"m11"
0.199
1
5
10
25
50
75
100
200
300
400
500
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10203040506070
J.M. Abril, University of Seville42
![Page 43: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
10 .00
10 .00
20 .00
30 .00
40 .00
50 .00
60 .00
70 .00
0 .00
20 .00
60 .00
80 .00
100 .00
140 .00
180 .00
200 .00
300 .00
Pu
con
cen
trati
on
s in
dis
solv
ed
p
hase (
a.u
.) 2
4 a
fter
a
hyp
oth
eti
cal atm
osp
heri
c in
pu
t.
Spatial distribution of SPC inventories by quartiles
J.M. Abril, University of Seville43
![Page 44: J.M. Abril Department of Applied Physics (I); University of Seville (Spain) IAEA Regional Training Course on Sediment Core Dating Techniques. RAF7/008](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110321/56649f535503460f94c7828a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The present model development has to be understood as an effort to produce a suitable virtual laboratory for testing our knowledge on radionuclide behaviour in lake systems and lacustrine sediments, being at time like a map to assist future research in this field
J.M. Abril, University of Seville44