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BS 536STUDIES ON TALL BUILDINGS: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Fall 2013-2014
Case Study: Jin Mao Towerby
Ehsan Markazi
Submitted to: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Mehmet Halis GnelAssoc.Prof.Dr. Ali Murat Tanyer
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE / BUILDING SCIENCE PROGRAM
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PROGRAM JIN MAOTOWER Official Name : Jin Mao Building Former Name: Jin MaoTower Location: Shanghai, China Building function: Hotel / Office Architectural height: 420.5 meter Architectural occupied: 348.4 Floors above the ground: 88 Status: Completed Completion: 1999 Architect: Adrian D, Smith from Skidmore Owing, and Merril Structural engineer: Stanton Korista Structural system:
1. Taranath: Mega frame with super columns2. Smith: outrigger braced system3. Oral Buyukozturk: Core and outrigger system
Case Study: Jin Mao Tower by Ehsan MarkaziSubmitted to: Gnel, Tanyer Fall 2013
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36Project Awards
2001 AIA National Honor Award for Interior Architecture 2001 AIA Chicago Chapter Interior Architecture Award: Honor
Award
2001 AIA Chicago Chapter Divine Detail Award: Special Recognition 2001 World Architecture World Architecture Award: Asia Category,
Finalist
1999 Institution of Structural Engineers Structural Special Award 1998 Structural Engineers Association of Illinois Best Structure
Award
1995 ASHRAE Illinois Chapter Excellence in Engineering
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The Concept
Head architect Adrian D, Smith fromSikdmore, Owings, and Merril, and headengineer Stanton Korista, also forSkidmore, Owings, and Merril, lead thedesign process from 1993 until completionin 1998. Over 30 architects and engineersworked on the project. Jin Mao towerevokes the architecture of the traditionalChinese pagoda by creating a rhythmicpattern growing in height. The proportionof the building revolves around the number8. In Buddhism 8 is a lucky number,associated with prosperity, economy, goldand trade.
88 floors
Octagonal core
8 mega columns
8 super columns
8 sided exterior at the tophttp://www.the art minute.com/just a second pagodaME
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http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shopping_by_the_Jin_Mao_Tower.JPGhttp://www.smartshanghai.com/venue/458/The_Grand_Hyatt_Shanghai_shanghai
The Jin Mao Tower is amultiuse space with123,000m square of officespace, a shopping mall, afood court, severalrestaurants, conference andbanquet facilities,nightclubs, parking for 600cars and 7500 bikes, and ahotel.
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36VerticalTransportation
There are 61 elevators inJin MaoTower.
Office zones are servicedby 26 elevators in fivezones.
A hotel express shuttleelevator bay
An observation deckserved by 2 elevators, 10service elevators,
7 sets of escalators forpodium
10 elevators for the hotel
elevator riser diagram planMETUTU
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http://www math.mit.edu/~rstan/photos/asia/2006/lobby.jpg
The buildings major tenant isthe five star, 555 roomShanghai Grand Hyatt hotelwhich occupies floors 53 to 87.The Hyatts barrel vaultedatrium starts at the 53th floorand extends upwards to the87th.
The tower has an aspect ratioof 8:1 when considering thefull building height ( 7:1 to thelast fully occupied floor).
The following page is a sectiondiagram of the function ofeach level. There is a lobby,five different office zones, adouble height mechanicallevel, and hotel. These all sitnext to a six level podiumbuilding.METU
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Structural system
The composite structural system forthe Jin Mao tower was designed toresist typhoon winds and earthquakeforces and accommodate poor soilconditions while providing a veryslender tower to be fully occupied foroffice and hotel uses.
the structure of the tower includes anoctagonal central reinforced concretecore, linked to the eight mega columnsmade of reinforced concrete bystructural steel outrigger trusses, andeight steel built up super columns, allresting on a 4m thick, reinforcedconcrete, pile supported mat
A structure should be designed,engineered and constructed to interactharmoniously with the mostunpredictable of naturalenvironments.
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The core houses the primarybuilding service functions,including elevators,mechanical fan rooms forHVAC services, andwashrooms.
It is nominally 27 m deep withflanges varying in thicknessfrom 850 mm at the top offoundations to 450 mm atlevel 87 with concretestrength varying from c60 toc40. Four 450 mm thickinterconnecting core webwalls exist throughout theoffice levels with no webwalls on the hotel levels,creating an atrium with atotal height of 205 m whichleads in to aspire.METU
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The central area of the core is openwithout webs from level 53 to level 87 ortypically through the hotel floors creatingan atrium which leads into the spire withtotal atrium height of approximately 206meters
The concrete strength for the core variesfrom c60 to c40.
http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ang chaj_chuan %C4%8Dchiou_%C5%A5in %C5%BEung_%C4%8Dung sinTHE JIN MAOTOWER: XU TENG,YUE WANG, FEI HUANG, JIAYU CHEN, MENGYUAN ZHANG
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OUTRIGGERTRUSS
Provides resistance of lateralloads through a centralreinforced concrete shearwall core interconnectedwith composite megacolumns. The concrete coreis connected to thecomposite mega columnson the perimeter usingoutrigger trusses.
The outrigger trusses arelocated between levels 24and 26, between level 51 and53 and between level 85 and87.
THE JIN MAOTOWER: XU TENG,YUE WANG, FEI HUANG, JIAYU CHEN, MENGYUAN ZHANGME
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& 87 engage the 3 dimensional structuralsteel cap truss system.
The cap truss system which frames thetop of the building between level 87 andthe spire is used to:
1. span over the open core
2. Support the gravity load of heavymechanical spaces
3. Engage the structural steel spire
4. Resist lateral loads above the top of thecentral core wall / composite megacolumn system.
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The composite mega columns varyfrom 1500mm x 5000mm at thefoundation , to 1000mm x 3500mmat level 87
The concrete strength for megacolumns vary from c60 to c40
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Composite structural steelwide flanged beams andbuild up trusses are used toframe typical floors
Korista 1995METU
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Concrete strengths and sizes of compositemega columns and central core
Korista 1995METU
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Tower structural system elevation
Korista 1995ME
6 Pinned joint The clue to control building
behavior resided with theoutrigger trusses using pinnedjoints.
The trusses could be erectedduring the normal constructionprocess allowing the membersto act as mechanisms forspecified period of time thenallowing full bolting occur forpermanent service. Allowingthe trusses to act asmechanisms for extendedperiod of time duringconstruction greatly reducesthe imposed loads on very stiffoutrigger truss members dueto relative movements.
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level 1 plan level 25 plan
Drawn by Ehsan Markazi
Korista 1995METU
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Structural system view of level 1
Structural system view of level 24 26
Drawn by Ehsan MarkaziMETUU
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level 52 plan level 86 plan
Drawn by Ehsan Markazi
Korista 1995METU
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Structural system view of levels 51 53
Structural system view of levels 85 87Drawn by Ehsan Markazi
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General view of the structural system Drawn by Ehsan MarkaziME
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Drawn by Ehsan MarkaziMET
6Curtain wall
Thermal expansion/contractionand movement joints fulfill theexterior wall performancerequirements fromtemperature change between10 to +40 degrees. The designtemperature for Jin Mao toweris 21 degrees Celsius.
Unitized curtain walls involvefactory fabrication, assembly ofpanels, and glazing. Unlike astick system, the unitizedsystem is used mostly on largeprojects. Completed units arehung on the building structureto form the building enclosure.Mechanical handling is requiredto position, align and fix theunits onto pre positionedbrackets attached to thestructure or concrete floor http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/jinmao/jinmao2.jpgMETU
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536 Some of the advantages of this
system are:
1. Ability to assembling units inin workshop with highprecision,
2. lower field installation costsas units can be carried out inparallel with building work toshorten construction period,
3. quality control within aninterior climate controlledenvironment
4. . Interlocking male andfemale profiles provide goodresistance to typical floordeflections of 20mm anddifferential settlement of8mm per 4 stories.
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references THE JIN MAOTOWER: XUTENG,YUE WANG, FEI HUANG, JIAYU CHEN, MENGYUAN ZHANGA COMPREHENSIVE CASE STUDY OFTHE BUILDING SYSTEM INTERGRATION OF: Jin MaoTowerProfessor Michael Kyong il Kim, Ph.D Katharine Bayer. Matt Cho. Wendy Li. Mulugeta WoldgeorgisSpring 2010 Champaign Urbana, Illinois
Jin MaoTowers Influence on Chinas New Inovative Talll Buildings, CTBUHTechnical Paper, Sarkisian,Mathias, Long, Mazeika, Gordon, Chakar, 2006
The architecture of Adrian Smith, SOM,Towards a Sustainable Future,2007http://www.emporis.com/building/jinmaotower shanghai china Jin MaoTowers Influence on Chinas New Inovative Talll Buildings, CTBUHTechnical Paper, Sarkisian,Mathias, Long, Mazeika, Gordon, Chakar, 2006
Jin MaoTowers Unique structural system, CTBUH technical paper, Korista, Sarkisan M, Abdelrazaq A1995
''http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/jinmao/jinmao2.jpghttp://vww.mtb.free.fr/mtb2006jin_mao.htmlhttp://www math.mit.edu/~rstan/photos/asia/2006/lobby.jpghttp://www.the art minute.com/just a second pagodahttp:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shopping_by_the_Jin_Mao_Tower.JPG
http://www.smartshanghai.com/venue/458/The_Grand_Hyatt_Shanghai_shanghai
http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ang chaj_chuan %C4%8Dchiou_%C5%A5in%C5%BEung_%C4%8Dung sin
vww.mtb.free.fr/mtb2006jin_mao.htmlhttps://www.som.com/project/jin mao tower 1 50 ( reference for dimensions of plans)http://bbs.co188.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=10649450 1 50 )METU
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