Jim Purcell
Building the Future of Arkansas
Thomas Jefferson:
“I was a revolutionary so that my children could farm and so their children could do art.”
We are all on a journey
Davey Crockett
"If I could rest anywhere, it would be in Arkansas, where the men are of the real half-horse, half-alligator breed such as grows nowhere else on the face of the universal earth."
State Per Capita Personal Income v. Share of AdultPopulation with Bachelor's Degree or Higher (2008)
$16,000
$18,000
$20,000
$22,000
$24,000
$26,000
$28,000
$30,000
$32,000
$34,000
$36,000
$38,000
15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Percentage of Adult Population with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Per
Cap
ita
Inco
me
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2006
DC
TX
NM
FL
NDNC
AL
IN
LA
MIWI
SD
WY
TN
NV
AR
IAOH
ID
SCKY
MS
WV
MOME
AZ
VA
NJ
PA
MD
MT
CT
MA
CO
NE
AK
GAHI
KSOR
DE
IL
RI MN
WA
UT
VT
NHNY
CA
OK
No state with a low proportion of
Bachelor’s degrees has a high per capita
income.
No state with a high proportion of
Bachelor’s degrees has a low per capita
income.
2008= 18.8%
2002= 19.7%
2006 2005 200220072008
5
U.S. Census BureauData Set: Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3)
18.1% - 28.1%
12.0% - 18.0%
6.3% - 11.9%
White15.5%
Union14.9%
Yell10.9%
Scott16.4%
Clark19.8%
Ashley10.1%
Polk10.9%
Pope19.0%
Drew17.3%
Clay7.4%
Benton20.3%
Desha11.1%
Lee7.3%
Logan9.4%
Saline9.6%
Pulaski28.1%
Arkansas12.2%
Newton11.8%
Lonoke14.6%
Cross9.9%
Chicot11.7%
Dallas9.6%
Stone9.8%
Prairie9.0%
Sharp9.2%
Phillips12.4%
Grant11.0%
Madison10.1%
Fulton10.5%Carroll
13.8%
Jefferson15.7%
Miller12.5%
Searcy8.4%
Pike10.1%
Izard11.7%
Marion10.4%
Poinsett6.3%
Boone12.7%
Baxter12.8%
Garland18.0%
Perry11.1%
Sevier16.6%
Mississippi11.3%
Bradley11.9%
Washington24.5%
Monroe8.4%
Johnson13.1%
Ouachita12.7%
Lincoln7.6%
Columbia16.8%
Nevada10.7%
Greene10.9%
Jackson10.3%Franklin
11.0%
Faulkner25.2%
Calhoun7.3%
Conway11.5%
Van Buren11.5%
Craighead20.9%
Randolph10.6%
Crawford9.7%
Woodruff8.0%
Cleburne13.9%
Montgomery8.8%
Lawrence8.5%
Crittenden12.8%
St. Francis10.3%
Cleveland10.0%
Hot Spring11.2%
Sebastian8.4%
Little River9.9%
Howard11.6%
Hempstead11.0%
Lafayette9.5%
Independence13.7%
Arkansas ranked 51st (16.7%) Nation-wide in 2000 for Bachelors & Higher
Percent of County Populationthat hold Bachelors & Higher 2000
Pope 19.0%
Washington 24.5%
Pulaski 28.1%
Clark 19.8%
Benton 20.3%
Faulkner 25.2%
Craighead 20.9%
Percent of County Population(Associate Degree Holder) 2000
U.S. Census BureauData Set: Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3)
4.19% - 6.37%
3.00% - 4.18%
1.80% - 2.99%
White3.97%
Union4.18%
Yell1.80%
Scott5.07%
Clark3.23%
Ashley2.83%
Polk3.95%
Pope3.45%
Drew2.84%
Benton4.60%
Desha2.13%
Logan4.02%
Saline4.56%
Pulaski4.69%
Arkansas3.16%
Newton3.35%
Lonoke5.30%
Chicot2.47%
Prairie3.16%
Dallas2.99%
Clay2.55%
Phillips4.90%
Madison2.49%
Fulton2.77%Carroll
3.82%
Grant2.95%
Jefferson3.27%
Miller3.99%
Cross3.17%
Lee4.30%
Stone2.50%
Searcy3.58%
Sharp3.75%
Pike2.42%
Marion4.69%
Poinsett2.20%
Boone5.18%
Izard4.29%
Baxter4.69%
Garland4.45%
Sevier6.37%
Perry2.71%
Mississippi4.00%
Bradley2.32%
Washington3.51%
Monroe3.23%
Johnson1.97%
Ouachita4.91%
Lincoln3.34%
Columbia2.86%
Nevada2.42%
Greene2.86%
Jackson3.07%Franklin
4.55%
Faulkner4.15%
Calhoun3.48%
Conway2.92%
Van Buren3.15%
Craighead3.53%
Randolph3.20%
Crawford5.40%
Woodruff2.01%
Cleburne3.97%
Montgomery4.04%
Lawrence2.66%
Crittenden3.20%
St. Francis3.76%
Cleveland3.43%
Hot Spring4.00%
Sebastian3.69%
Little River3.63%
Howard3.35%
Hempstead3.24%
Lafayette3.23%
Independence2.90%
Arkansas ranked 50th (4%) Nation-wide in 2000 for Associate Degree Holders
Where Arkansas Bachelors Degree (and higher) Holders live
(2000)
U.S. Census BureauData Set: Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3)
23.00%
2.31% - 8.00%
0.10% - 2.30%
Yell0.5%
White2.3%
Union1.5%
Scott0.2%
Polk0.5%
Clark0.9%
Pope2.3%
Drew0.7%
Ashley0.5%
Clay0.3%
Benton7.0%
Desha0.4%
Lee0.2%
Pike0.3%
Logan0.5%
Miller1.1%
Saline3.2%
Izard0.4%
Grant0.4%
Pulaski23.0%
Arkansas0.6%
Newton0.2%
Lonoke1.7%
Cross0.4%
Chicot0.4%
Dallas0.2%
Stone0.3%
Perry0.3%
Prairie0.2%
Sharp0.4%
Phillips0.7%
Fulton0.3%
Madison0.3%
Carroll0.8%
Jefferson2.9%
Searcy0.2%
Marion0.4%
Poinsett0.4%
Boone1.0%
Baxter1.3%
Garland3.9%
Sevier0.3%
Mississippi1.2%
Bradley0.3%
Washington8.0%
Monroe0.2%
Johnson0.7%
Ouachita0.8%
Lincoln0.3%
Columbia0.9%
Nevada0.2%
Greene0.9%
Jackson0.4%Franklin
0.4%
Faulkner4.4%
Howard0.4%
Calhoun0.1%
Conway0.5%
Van Buren0.5%
Craighead3.7%
Randolph0.4%
Crawford1.1%
Woodruff0.2%
Cleburne0.8%
Montgomery0.2%
Lawrence0.3%
Crittenden1.3%
St. Francis0.6%
Cleveland0.2%
Hot Spring0.8%
Sebastian4.3%
Little River0.3%
Hempstead0.6%
Lafayette0.2%
Independence1.1%
Arkansas ranked 51st (16.7%) Nation-wide in 2000 for Bachelors & Higher
60% of all college AR graduates reside in 9 counties
Pulaski 23.%
Where Arkansas Associate Degree Holders live
(2000)
U.S. Census BureauData Set: Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3)
15.90%
1.96% - 6.83%
0.17% - 1.95%
White2.41%
Union1.80%
Yell0.35%
Scott4.07%
Clark0.64%
Ashley0.64%
Polk0.77%
Pope1.70%
Drew0.47%
Benton6.58%
Desha0.29%
Logan0.87%
Saline1.19%
Arkansas0.63%
Newton0.28%
Lonoke2.55%
Chicot0.32%
Pulaski15.90%
Prairie0.30%
Dallas0.26%
Clay0.45%
Phillips1.09%
Madison0.33%
Fulton0.33%Carroll
0.95%
Grant0.46%
Jefferson2.49%
Miller1.48%
Cross0.56%
Lee0.49%
Stone0.29%
Searcy0.37%
Sharp0.53%
Pike0.27%
Marion0.78%
Poinsett0.53%
Boone1.72%
Izard0.59%
Baxter1.95%
Garland4.01%
Sevier6.83%
Perry0.27%
Mississippi1.82%
Bradley0.28%
Washington4.74%
Monroe0.31%
Johnson0.42%
Ouachita1.34%
Lincoln0.46%
Columbia0.66%
Nevada0.23%
Greene1.01%
Jackson0.54%Franklin
0.76%
Faulkner3.03%
Calhoun0.20%
Conway0.56%
Van Buren0.53%
Craighead2.58%
Randolph0.56%
Crawford2.62%
Woodruff0.17%
Cleburne0.99%
Montgomery0.38%
Lawrence0.45%
Crittenden1.39%
St. Francis0.66%
Cleveland0.28%
Hot Spring1.17%
Sebastian0.31%
Little River0.47%
Howard0.45%
Hempstead0.69%
Lafayette0.26%
Independence0.95%
Arkansas ranked 50th (4%) Nation-wide in 2000 for Associate Degree Holders
58% of all associates degree recipients reside in 12 counties
• Strengthening the Arkansas Education Pipeline
4641
29
1612
4
100
74
9th GradeEnrollment
High SchoolGrads
EnrolledDirectly into
College
First-timeFull-timeDegreeSeekingCohort
RetainedAfter 1 Year
GraduatedWithin 6Years
WithAssociate
Degree
WithBachelorDegree
Percent 96-97 Arkansas 9th Grader’s Progression into High School and College (percent)
100%
71%
28%
Fall 2000 College Freshmen
96-97 Arkansas 9th Grader’s Progression into High School and College (number)
17,11615,172
10,701
5,817
37,160
1,4934,324
27,335
9th GradeEnrollment
High SchoolGrads
EnrolledDirectly into
College
First-timeFull-timeDegreeSeekingCohort
RetainedAfter 1 Year
GraduatedWithin 6Years
WithAssociate
Degree
WithBachelorDegree
Fall 2000 College Freshmen
100%
71%28%
Arkansas_cnty.shp12 - 2526 - 4950 - 74
Reading Remediation Rates by CountyFall 2007
% Needing Remediation
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking an associate or baccalaureate degree.
Arkansas_cnty.shp16 - 2526 - 4950 - 69
English Remediation Rates by CountyFall 2007
% Needing Remediation
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking an associate or baccalaureate degree.
Arkansas_cnty.shp23 - 2526 - 4950 - 81
% Needing Remediation
Math Remediation Rates by CountyFall 2007
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking an associate or baccalaureate degree.
Arkansas_cnty.shp33 - 4950 - 7475 - 93
% Needing Remediation
Unduplicated Remediation Rates by CountyFall 2007
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking an associate or baccalaureate degree.
Arkansas Public Universities Six-Year Graduation Rates (2001 Cohort)
25.2%
22.3%
28.8%
19.2%
29.5%
58.9%
45.9%
0.0% 70.0%
Reading*
English *
Math *
Math, Reading and English
Any Remediation
Not Remediated
Fall Cohort
A student who has to take remediation graduates at less than half the rate of students who come to college with the requisite skills.
Arkansas Public Community Colleges Three-Year Graduation Rates (2004 Cohort)
10.8%
11.5%
14.1%8.9%
14.6%
36.7%
21.2%
0.0% 50.0%
Reading*
English *
Math *
Math, Reading and English
Any Remediation
Not Remediated
Fall Cohort
A student who has to take remediation graduates at less than half the rate of students who come to college with the requisite skills.
Cost of Remediation
$53,800,000Equivalent to the combined budget of seven of Arkansas’s community colleges.
2007-08 - $65.7 million with $24 million (36%) of those expenditures subsidized by state general revenues.
It is our hope that the Arkansas Academic Challenge Lottery Scholarship will:
Increase college going rates Increase student successPrepare more students for high wage high demand jobsBenefit Arkansas’s economy
Outreach to High School students:SayGoCollegeCareer Coaches Education Renewal Zones Next MagazineConcurrent Enrollment
The Lottery Act requires students to complete remediation within the first 30 hours of coursework.
1. Strengthening the Arkansas Education Pipeline
2. Improving Preparation 3. Decreasing Remediation 4. Accessing Financial Aid5. Increasing Retention and
Graduation6. Enhancing Funding and
Governance 7. Addressing Data Needs8. Supporting Economic
Development 9. Issues for Further Study
Legislation• Developed a Universal scholarship web application. (L)• Limit tuition-based scholarships cap lowered to 20% with
repercussions. (L)• The seamless transfer of credits earned in completing an
AA/AS degrees to the universities. (L)• Established a remediation course exit standard. (L)• Greater openness of college activities --Developed a
Comprehensive Accountability Report . (L)• Lottery scholarship greatly expand scholarship offering for
Arkansans (L)– Traditional and nontraditional students included– Encourages fulltime enrollment and speed to graduation.
• Expanded Go Grant to adults. (L)
Higher Education Coordinating Board Action• 10 percent of current formula based upon course
completion. (Policy)• Doubled degrees needed to be produced to meet
academic productivity threshold. (Policy) • Altered the academic program review process. (Policy)• Develop a financial condition report that shows how
higher education spends money. (Policy)• Changed the metric to determine if an institution was
financially viable to borrow funds. (Policy)• Extensive professional development on student success
strategies/enrollment management. (Action)• SayGoCollege initiative. (Grants)• Career Coaches initiative. (Grants)• Adult- friendly campuses. (Grants)
What can schools and districts do to enhance student success?
• Support accelerated college classroom experiences such as AP and Concurrent Enrollment.
• Review school and district college going rates and remediation rates and develop a plan.
• Look at individual test scores of students. • Seek support from local colleges and universities.
Arkansas Higher Education is Changing
123,139
138,809
173,974
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
160,000
170,000
180,000
En
roll
men
t
Annual Unduplicated Enrollment, Public Institutions Only
41 percent increase in enrollment
Credit Hours Taken Are Increasing
2,266,770
2,647,718
3,331,478
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,400,000
2,600,000
2,800,000
3,000,000
3,200,000
3,400,000
AY1997 AY1998 AY1999 AY2000 AY2001 AY2002 AY2003 AY2004 AY2005 AY2006 AY2007 AY2008 AY2009
SSCH
Academic Year
SSCH of Public Institutions
47 percent increase in credit hours
Credentials Awarded are Increasing
15,531 15,498 15,857
16,674 16,942
18,132
19,840 20,162
21,608
22,475
23,543
25,019
27,833
15,000
17,000
19,000
21,000
23,000
25,000
27,000
29,000
AY1997 AY1998 AY1999 AY2000 AY2001 AY2002 AY2003 AY2004 AY2005 AY2006 AY2007 AY2008 AY2009
Cre
den
tial
s
Academic Year
Credentials Awarded, Public Institutions Only
79 % increase in credentials
234 % Certificate of Proficiency
31 % BA/BS degrees
192 % Technical Certificates
120 % Associates Degrees
49 % Masters degrees93 % Doctoral degrees
CP; 4026; 14%
TC; 3716; 13%
ASSOC.; 6264; 23%
BACH.; 9682; 35%
MASTERS; 3150; 11%
DOCTOR; 288; 1%
FIRSTPROF; 506; 2%OTHER; 201; 1%
2009 Degrees at Public Institutions
• Arkansas is currently producing 11,910 bachelor's degrees per year, and at this rate of production Arkansas will have 337,256 citizens with bachelor’s degrees, or 22.3%, by 2015 . . . Arkansas must increase the current production of bachelor’s degrees by 40% (5,298 more graduates per year) each of the next six years to reach the SREB average -- 27%."
civic involvementcivic involvementvolunteer activity by
education levels
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2003). Volunteering in the United States, 2003. USDL03-888. U.S. Department of Labor.
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some College
B.A. or Higher
9.9%(48 hours)
21.7%(48 hours)
34.1%(52 hours)
45.6% (60 hours)
Per
cent
age
Vol
unte
erin
g
blood donation by education level, 1994:
Source: DBD Worldwide. (2000). DBD Lifestyle Survey. Chicago. Available at www.bowlingalone.com.
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some College
B.A. or Higher
6%
11%
13%
17%
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Do
na
ting
Blo
od
percentage who donate regularly
civic involvementcivic involvement
participation assistance programs
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity, May 28, 1997, pg 47.
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some College& Bachelor’s
Degree or More
24.3%
10.2%
4.6%
Ever Participated in Assistance Programs
education level
governmentgovernment
governmentgovernmentincarceration rates by
education levels
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some CollegeB.A. or Higher
1.9%
1.2%
0.3%0.1%
Per
cent
age
Inca
rcer
ated
Source: Harlow, C.W. (2003). Education and Correctional Populations. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice. NCJ195670.
economicPercent Below Poverty
Threshold, 2004
economicPercent Below Poverty
Threshold, 2004
Census Bureau
40%
30%
10%
0%
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some College
B.A. or Higher
32%
15%
10%
4%
Per
cent
age
Hom
e O
wne
rshi
p
20%
economiceconomicunemployment rates and
education level, 2004
Source: Employment Policy Institute
10
8
6
4
2
0
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some CollegeB.A. or Higher
9.7%
7.5%
5.1%4.6%
Quality of LifeQuality of LifeHome Ownership
Census Bureau, American Housing Survey for the United States:2005
80%
70%
60%
50%
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma Some College
B.A. or Higher
58%
69%66%
75%
Per
cent
age
Hom
e O
wne
rshi
p
Seatbelt Use while intoxicated, 1990
Source: American Journal of Public Health
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Less Than High School
Diploma
High School Diploma
Some College
B.A. or Higher
39%41%
52%
66%
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Do
na
ting
Blo
od
percentage who use seatbelt
SafetySafety
15%20%
31%
78%
economiceconomic
Average family income by educational
attainment, 2003
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity, 2005
25
175
50
100
75
125
150
0LT-9 9-12 HSG Some ProfMA PhDBAAA
Inco
me
($00
0)
College
3,798,9405,254,193Professional degree
2,527,3243,982,577Doctorate
1,507,8232,963,076Master's degree
$1,111,921$2,567,174Bachelor's degree
346,1201,801,373Associate degree
270,5691,725,822Some college, no degree
01,455,253High school graduate
-304,5551,150,698High school dropout
-$478,903$976,350Less than 9th grade
DifferenceCompared toHigh School
Graduate
EstimatedLifetimeEarnings
Education Level
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2005
The Impact of Education on Individuals:Lifetime Earnings
economiceconomic
Nearly all economic growth and prosperity for individuals, families, cities, states, and the country is now driven by college educated workers.
Those individuals, families, cities, states and –increasingly—countries with the most education are prospering, while those with the least higher education are experiencing relative and often absolute economic decline.
--Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY, June 2005.
Time and Place