THEOLOGY
Historical Theology
The study of the historical development of doctrine as recorded in the writings of
individuals and church councils.
DEFINITION
Theology comes from the two greek words: “theos” (θεος) meaning God and “logos” (λογος) meaning words or speech - and thus means a discourse or
speech on the topic of God. A more technical definition would be,“The discovery, systematizing and presenting of truth about God.”
Systematic Theology
The study of truth about God from any and every source presented in a systematic way and organized by crucial topics that have risen to importance throughout history.
Biblical Theology
The study of truth about God found in scripture and organized by the topics
emphasized by biblical authors.
THEOLOGY PROPERGod the Father
CHRISTOLOGYGod the Son
PNEUMATOLOGYGod the Holy Spirit
PROLEGOMENAPreliminaries
BIBLIOLOGYScripture
ANGELOLOGYAngels & Satan
ANTHROPOLOGYMan
HAMARTIOLOGYSin
SOTERIOLOGYSalvation
ECCLESIOLOGYChurch
ESCHATOLOGYLast Things
PROLEGOMENA
NECESSITYof Theology
Theology is neededin order to
DEFEND Christianity
POSSIBILITYof Theology
PRESUPPOSITIONSof Theology
Theology is neededin order to
DEFINE Christianity
RELATIONSHIP BETWEENEXEGESIS & THEOLOGY
EXEGESISAnalyzesInterpretsFocus on the Text
THEOLOGYCorrelatesInterrelatesFocus on all
Truth
The REVELATION of GodGeneral Revelation
(Nature–History–Man)
The NATURE of ManCreated in the Image of God
(Genesis 1:26-27)
Man is RATIONAL
Man is RELATIONAL
Man is SPIRITUAL
Language is ADEQUATE
The BIBLE is TRUESpecial Revelation(Jesus–Scripture)
The BIBLE is UNDERSTANDABLELanguage is Adequate
(not Exhaustive)
The BIBLE must be INTERPRETEDPlain–Literal Interpretation
(Authorial Intention)
The BIBLE is AUTHORITATIVEScripture is True
Truth Impacts Life
BibliologyThe Doctrine of Scripture
General Revelation(to all people everywhere)
For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived,
ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So
they are without excuse.Romans 1:19-20
Means of General Revelation •Nature (Ps 19:1-6; Rm. 1:18-20) •History (Acts 17:22-31, esp. 26)
•Mankind (Gen 1:26-27)•Conscience (Rm 2:1-8)
Purpose of General Revelation •Existence of God (Rm 1:20; Ac 14:17)
•Grandeur of God (Rm 1:20) •Accountability (Rm 1:20; 2:1)
•Not Salvific (Rm 10:13-15)
All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for
correction, for training in righteousness;so that the man of God may be adequate,
equipped for every good work.2 Timothy 3:16
The Extent of Scripture
•Entire OT (Lk 24:45; Jn 10:35)•Parts of NT (1 Tim 5:18=Lk 10:7)
•Writings of Paul (2 Pet 3:16)The Character of Scripture
θεοpνυεστος - “God breathed”ωφελιμος - “Profitable”
The Benefit of ScriptureBELIEFS
Teaching Correction
BEHAVIORTraining Reproof
INTER-DEPENDENT
INTERPRETATION
Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed
and who correctly handles the word of truth.
2 Timothy 2:15Literal
(Normal Sense)Literary
(Recognize Genre)Historical
(Time & Culture)Grammatical
(Grammar & Syntax)Authorial Intent
(Seeks to find the intent of the original author
to his original audience)Applicational
(Apply for Life-change)Illumination
(HS enablement of our response)
For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were
carried along by the Holy Spirit.2 Peter 1:21
No Human Origin“not by the will of man”
Divine Origin“by the Holy Spirit”Divine Control
φερομενοι - “carried along”{like the wind moves a boat (Acts 27:15)}
Personal CharacterMoses writes as a statesman
OT Prophets have different characteristicsMatthew (tax collector) talks more about money
Luke (Paul’s co-worker) supports PaulPaul writes as a trained rhetorician
John (fisherman) writes simplyJames (pastor) writes pastorally
In the past God spoke to our forefathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways,
but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir
of all things, and through whom he made the universe.
Hebrews 1:1-2
Means of Special Revelation •History (Micah 6:5)
•Theophanies (Gen 12:7)Angels (Lk 2:10,13)
•Dreams (Gn 40-50; Joel 2:28)•Casting Lots (Ac 1:23-26)•Prophets (Jer. 1:2; et al)•Jesus Christ (Heb 1:1-4)
•Scripture (2 Tim. 3:16-17)
Purpose of Special Revelation •Plan of God (Gen 1:26-27; 2:15)
•Relationship w/ God (Rm 10:13-15) •Responsibility (Gen 3:8-19)
Definition of InspirationGod’s superintending of human authors
so that using their own personalitiesthey composed and recorded God’s revelation to manwithout error in the words of the original manuscripts.
THE SOURCE“GOD”
THE MEANS“MAN”
THE INSPIRATION OF SCRIPTURE
Theories of Inspiration•Natural - they were geniuses•Mystical - they were spiritual
•Partial - some is, some is not•Concept - concepts not words
•Verbal Plenary - The full text (plenary) of scripture including the words (verbal)
Special Revelation(to God’s people particularly)
CANONICITY66 Books
39 in OT & 27 in NTNT Affirms OT
(John 11:51)Paul Affirms Luke
(1 Tim. 5:18=Luke 10:7)Peter Affirms Paul
(2 Peter 3:16)Church Fathers Affirm NT
(Athanasius 367)Councils Officially Affirm NT
(Carthage 397, Hippo 419)Tests of Canonicity
*InspirationApostolic/Prophetic Origin
Doctrinal SoundnessEarly Church Acceptance
Inspiration
Illumination
Interpretation
•Neo-orthodox - an encounter•Mechanical - God dictated
Theology ProperThe Doctrine of God the Father
The Existence of God
While the Bible assumes God’s existence (Gen 1:1) there is a good
reason to believe that God exists even if His existence cannot be proven.
Cosmological Argument•Every event has a cause.•The universe & first life
had a beginning.•The universe and first life
have a cause = God.
Teleological Argument•Design implies a designer.
•The universe & life have design. •The universe & life have a designer.
Moral Argument•Moral law implies a lawgiver.
•There is a universal moral law. •There must be a moral lawgiver.
THE TRINITYOne God in Three Persons
May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit
be with you all.2 Corinthians 13:14 (NIV)
DefinitionWithin the Godhead there are three
distinct individual persons(Father, Son, Holy Spirit)
united in one essence.
Evidence of One Unique God(Deuteronomy 6:4)
Evidence of Three Persons(Ephesians 1:3-14)
The Father is God(1 Co 8:6; Jn 6:27; 1 Pt 1:2)
The Son is God(Hb 1:8; Rm 9:5; Jn 8:58; 20:28)
The Holy Spirit is God(Acts 5:3-4)
Holy (αγιος) - Pure(Hab 1:13; 1 Pet 1:14-16)
Just(Ps 19:9; 89:14; Ac 17:30-31; Rm 2:6-8)
True(Nm 23:19; Jn 1:14; 14:6; Rm 3:4; Ti 1:2)
Gracious(Ex 34:5-7; Ep 1:5-8; 2:8-9; Ti 2:11; 3:4-7)
Merciful(2 Sm 24:14; Ps 103:1-5; Rm 9:15-16;
11:30-32; Ti 3:4-7)Love
(Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 3:16; 4:8; Rm 5:8)Hidden/Playful
(Dt 4:29; Ps 24:6; 119:2; Pro 8:17; Ecc 3:9-15 Is 55:6; Jer 29:13)
Wise(Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 3:16; 4:8; Rm 5:8)
Creation(Gn 1:1-2:3; Jn 1:1-3; Job 38-39)
Providence(Acts 14:17; 17:26-28; Mt 5:44-45)
Election(Ep 1:4-5; 1 Pt 1:1-2; 1 Co 1:26-29; Rm 9)
Redemption(Gen 3:21; Eph 2:1-10; Rom 3:21-26)
Judgment(Jn 3:18-19; Rv 20:10-15; 2 Pt 3:10)
The Names of GodPrimary Names of God
• God (Elohim) - אלהם: Creator (Gen 1:1) • God (Theos) - θεος: Initiator (John 1:1)• YHWH - יהוה: “I AM” (Ex 6:1-4) • Adonai - אדני: Master (Josh 5:13-15)
Lord (Kurios) - κυριος: The Life Giver (Romans 10:9-13)
Compound Names of God• El Shadai - אל שדי: Almighty (Gen 17:1) • El Elyon - אל עליון: Most High (Gen 14:19)
• El Olam - אל עולם: Everlasting (Gen 21:33) • El Roi - אל ראי: God who sees (Gen 16:13)
GOODNESS(Communicable)
The Attributes of God
TheodicyGod & Evil
The Issue Stated“If God is all good and all powerful
He would stop all evil.”
Metaphysical AnswerGod is not responsible for evil because it is not a thing it is the lack of a thing.
Moral AnswerGod gave mankind freedom and man
introduced evil into the world.
Teleological AnswerThis is not the best of all possible
worlds but it is the best way to the best of all possible worlds. God is working
out all things for His Glory and our good.
Pastoral AnswerUltimately God will set all things right. In the meantime, God uses pain in our lives to speak more clearly to us. This
has been His pattern since the garden of Eden using the consequences of sin to
display His grace.
The Works of God
Sovereignty(Jb 42:2; Ps 115:3; Rm 9:16-21; Ep 1:11)
Infinity - Limitless(1 Kg 8:27; Jb 11:7-9; Ps 147:5; Rm 11:33)
Aseity - Self-Existent(Gn 1:1; Jn 1:2; Rv 1:8)
Immutability - Unchanging(Mal 3:6; Heb 6:17-18; Jam 1:17)
Eternality - Timeless(Ps 90:2; Is 57:15; Jn 17:5; Col 1:17; Jd 25)
Omnipotence(Gn 18:14; Ps 115:3; Mt 19:26; Eph 1:19)
Omnipresence(Ps 139:7-12; Jer 23:23-24; Ac 17:27-28)
Omniscience(Ps 33:13-15; 139:1-6; Mt 6:8; 10:29-30;
Ac 2:23; Rm 11:33; Hb 4:13)Holy (קדש) - Unique
(Lev 11:44; Ps 99:9; Is 6:3-7)
GREATNESS(Incommunicable)
The LORD passed before him and proclaimed, “The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithful-ness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children's children, to the third and the fourth generation.” And Moses quickly bowed his head toward the earth and worshiped. Exodus 34:6-8 (ESV)
ChristologyThe Doctrine of God the SonPre-Existence
(Eternality) The Deity of Christ(Jesus is God)
Incarnation(Jesus is Man)
The Ministry of Christ(Jesus is Sufficient)
Logical Implications from the Trinity
1. God is eternal (Ps. 92:2; Jude 25).2. Jesus is God (cf. Deity)3. Jesus is eternal
Pre-Incarnate Work1. Creation (Jn. 1:3; Co. 1:16; He 1:2).2. Sustainer (Co. 1:17)3. Angel of the LORD (AoL is God - Ge. 16:3) (AoL distinct from God - Ge. 24:7)
Scriptural Support
1. Micah 5:2 - Messiah is “from of old”.
2. Isa. 9:6 - Messiah is “eternal Father.’
3. John 1:1-14 - The Word was “in the beginning”.
4. John 8:56-58 - Jesus was “before Abraham”.
5. John 17:5 - Jesus had glory “before the world began”.
6. Phil. 2:6-7 - He existed “in the form of God”.
7. Col. 1:17 - He was “before all things”.
Attributes of Deity1. Love - 1 John 4:8; John 15:132. Omniscience - Mt. 16:21; Lk. 6:8; Jn.
2:24; 6:64; 21:173. Omnipresence - Mt. 18:20; 28:20; Jn. 3:134. Omnipotence - Mt. 28:20; Mk. 5:11-255. Eternity - see Pre-existence6. All attributes of Deity - Col. 2:9
Works of Deity1. Creation - Jn. 1:3,10; Col. 1:16; Heb. 1:22. Preservation - Col. 1:17; Heb 1:33. Forgiveness - Mk. 2:1-12; Lk. 5:244. Resurrection - Jn. 5:21; 11:43
Titles of Deity1. Son of God - Mk. 1:1; Jn 10:362. Son of Man - Dan. 7:13; Mk. 2:10 et al3. YHWH - Lk. 1:76 cp. Mal. 3:104. God - Jn 1:1; 20:28; Heb. 1:8
Claims of Deity1. By Jesus - Lk. 1:76; Jn 8:58 et al2. By Apostles - Jn. 1:1; Col. 1:19; 2:9;
Titus 2:13; Heb. 1:8
OT Prediction1. Gen. 3:152.Isa. 9:63. Isa. 7:144. Micah 5:2
NT Evidence1. Virgin Birth - Mt 1:232. Humanity of Christ •Human Body 1 Jn 1:1 •Hunger - Mt. 4:2 •Thirst - John 19:28 •Exhaustion - John 4:6 •Death - 1 Cor. 15:3-8 •Emotions John 13:23;
11:35; 15:11; Mk 10:14
Purpose of the Incarnation
1. Reveal God to Man - Jn. 1:18; 14:7-11
2. Provide an Example - 1 Pet. 2:21
3. Overcome Satan - 1 Jn 3:8
Specific Ministry to Believers
1. Prophet - bringing God to Man Acts 3:22-23; Jn. 1:18; Heb. 1:1-2
2. Priest - bring man to God Heb. 5:1, 6-10, 20; 7:1-8:13; 10:12
3. King - ruling over the church Mt. 22:41-46; Lk. 1:31-33; Rev. 1:5; 19:16; Col. 1:18; Eph. 1:15-23
4. Propitiation - covering sin 1 Jn. 2:2
5. Redemption - purchased back 1 Pet. 1:18; Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:7
6. Reconciliation - restored relationship 2 Cor. 5:18-21
7. Justification - declared righteous Rom. 3:24; Gal. 3:24 et al
8. Adoption - made members of family Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:3-12
FOCUSDisplay the FatherJn 1:14,18; He 1:1-4
EFFECTRedemptionEph. 1:7-12
INTER-DEPENDENT
HYPOSTATIC UNION“Christ is fully God and fully man united in one person forever”
Kenosis - Phil. 2:5-11“He emptied Himself”
Impeccability - Heb. 4:15able not to sin vs. not able to sin
© Ken Wilson 2010
PneumatologyThe Doctrine of God the Holy SpiritPersonhood
(The Spirit is a Person)The Deity of the Holy Spirit
(The Spirit is God)Old Testament
Ministry
The Holy Spirit’sMinistry to Believers
Characteristicsof Personhood
1. The Spirit is Relational (Mt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14;
Ro. 8:27; Acts 7:51; 10:19).2. The Spirit is Rational (1 Cor. 2:10-11, 13; Jn. 14:16)3. The Spirit is Volitional (1 Cor. 12:11; Acts
16:6,7)4. The Spirit is Emotive (Eph. 4:30)
Grammarof Personhood
The Word “Spirit” (pneuma) is neuter in gender but re-ferred to by masculine pro-nouns (John 16:13-14; 15:26; 16:7-8).
Attributes of Deity1. Omniscience - Isa. 40:13; 1 Cor. 2:122. Omnipresence - Psalm 139:73. Omnipotence - Job 33:4; Psalm 104:304. Eternity - Heb. 9:145. Self-existence - Rom. 8:26. Resurrection - Rom. 8:11
Works of Deity1. Creation - Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13 compare Gen.1:12. Inspiration - 2 Pet. 1:21 compare 2 Tim. 3:16,173. Regeneration - Titus 3:5 compare Eph. 2:1-104. Virgin Birth - Luke 1:35
Titles of Deity1. YHWH - What YHWH said in Isa.
6:8-13 is ascribed to the Holy Spirit in Acts 28:25.
2. Spirit of God - Rom. 8:9, 14; 1 Cor. 2:11; 12:3; Eph. 4:30.
3. Lying to the Holy Spirit (Acts 5:3) is lying to God (Acts 5:4).
4. The Lord is the Spirit - 2 Cor. 3:17,18
Old Testament Ministry Distinct
1. John 15:262. John 16:7-8,13
OT Ministries1. Creation (Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13;
33:4; Psa. 104:302. Restraining Sin (Gen. 6:3)3. Guiding Israel (Isa. 63:10-14)4. Inspiration (2 Pet. 2:21; 2 Sam. 23:2;
Mic. 3:8; Acts 28:25)5. Regeneration (Jo. 3:10 cp. Ez. 36:25)6. Selective Indwelling: •Joseph - Gen. 41:38
•Joshua -Num. 27:18 •Saul - 1 Sam. 10:9,10 •David - 1 Sa, 16:13 •Daniel - Dan. 4:8) *This indwelling could
cease because of sin as with Saul - 1 Sam. 16:14
*David prayed that the Spirit would not be taken away because of his sin - Psa. 51:11
Specific Ministry to Believers
1. Conviction - Awareness of sin John 16:8-112. Regeneration - New Birth Titus 3:5; John 3:5-83. Baptism - Initiation into Body of Christ 1 Cor. 1:13; The Book of Acts4. Indwelling - Abiding Presence John 14:16; Rom. 8:9; 1 Cor. 6:195. Sealing - Identity & Security 2 Cor. 1:21-22; Eph. 1:13-14; 4:306. Filling - Control for Living Eph. 5:18-6:9; cp. Col 3:16-4:1 Gal. 5:13 cp. Rom 13:14 Related Ministries: •Teaching - John 16:12-15 •Illumination - 1 Cor. 2:14 •Guiding - Rom. 8:147. Gifting - Empowerment for Ministry Eph. 4:11-16; 1 Cor. 12:-14; Rom. 12:7-8; 1 Pet. 4:10; Heb. 2:3-8. Directing Evangelism Acts 1:8; 8:25,29
FOCUSPoint to ChristJn 14:26; 16:14
EFFECTEnable & EmpowerEph. 5:18; 1 Cor. 12
INTER-DEPENDENT
Actionsof Personhood
1. Teaching - John 14:26
2. Commanding - Acts 8:29
3. Praying - Rom. 8:26
4. Grieving - Eph. 4:30
© Ken Wilson 2011
AnthropologyThe Doctrine of Man
ORIGIN OF MAN(Creation by God)
THE NATURE OF MAN(Holistic but Complex)
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless
and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.
Genesis 1:1-3 (NIV)
Aspects of Humanity(Biblical Terminology)
ManAdam (אדמ) - the name given by God (Gen. 5:2)
- taken from the adamah (אדמה) (ground) Woman
Isha (אשה) - taken from the man (אש) Male
Zakar (זכר) - The remembering or pointing one Female
Neqaba (נקבה) - The pierced or tunneled oneFlesh
(rs*b* / σαρξ) - man in weakness, prone to sin Soul
(vp#n# / ψυχη) - man as a living being Spirit
(j^Wr / πνευµα) - man with breath, alive Heart
(bl@ / καρδια) - intellectual, volitional, emo-tional and spiritual life
Conscience (συνειδησις) - guide for decision making
Mind (νους) - capacity to be a rational thinker
Inner/Outer Man (εσω/εξω ανθρωπας) - immaterial/material man
New Man/Old Man (παλαιος/καινος, νεος ανθρωπας) -
unregenerate or regenerate person or community
Dichotomy or Trichotomy Dichotomy
We are made up of two parts:Material (Body) and Immaterial (soul/spirit)
(1 Corinthians 7:34; 15:50-58) Trichotomy
We are made up of three parts:Body, Soul, and Spirit
(1 Thessalonians 5:23; Hebrews 4:12)
MEN and WOMEN(Equal but Different)
Ontological Equality(Galatians 3:27-28)
For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek,
neither slave nor free, there is neither male not female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.•Equal Image Bearers in Being
•Balanced Image Bearers in Importance•Different Image Bearers in Design
•Distinct Image Bearers in Role•Essential Image Bearers in Purpose
PURPOSE OF MAN(The Meaning of Life)
Reflection of God(Genesis 1:26-27, 5:2)Image (<l#x# – tselem)
“image, model, replica”Likeness (tWmD+ – demut)“to be like; to resemble.”
Representative for God(Genesis 1:28)
Rule (hd*r* – radah)“ruling, exercising dominion
and even domination”Subdue (vb*k* – cabash)
to bring under one’s control for one’s advantage
Capacites like GodPersonal Beings(Genesis 2:18)
With the capacity for relationshipRational Beings
(2 Corinthians 10:5)With the capacity for thinking
Volitional Beings(Joshua 24:15)
With the capacity for choosingEmotional Beings(Ecclesiastes 3:4)
With the capacity for feeling
IDENTITY OF MAN(Imago Dei)
MENSTRENGTH(Warrior/Poet)
WOMENBEAUTY
(Life Giving/Completer)
Move
Speak
Bring Forth Life
Nourish Life
Violence
Silence
Manipulation
Invisibility
Biblical FoundationSo God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
Genesis 1:26-27 (NIV)
Biblical PerspectiveFor you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made…
Psalm 139:13-14 (NIV)
Men and Women Living by Design(1 Corinthians 11:3)
Origin of the Universe Non-biblical Theories:
•Naturalistic Evolution•Theistic Evolution•Punctuated Equilibrium
Biblical Options:•Progressive Creation•Fiat Creation ex-nihilo•Genesis as Literary Framework•Day = Age Creation•Matter is Old - Life is Young•Created with appearance of age•Intelligent Design
Biblically Non-negotiable:•Adam and Eve are real people (Rm 5)•First humans are recent (Gn 5).•God is the Direct Creator ex-nihilo (Gn 1)•What God created is “very good.”•Creation shows God’s glory (Ps. 19)•Trinity creates (Gn 1, Jn 1:3, Ps 104)•God purposefully guided the process (Gn 1)
Origin of the Human Soul Pre-existence
God created all human souls in the beginning and they are transmitted
to human bodies at conception/birth.Creationism
God creates each human soul at the moment of conception and
immediately unites it with the body.Traducianism
The soul is transmitted along with the body by the process
of natural generation.
I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of every woman is her husband,
and the head of Christ is God.
SummaryA human being is an eternal creature of God, created in His image as male and female, for the purpose of rela-tionship with God, in order to bring glory to Him through Jesus Christ
and by the Holy Spirit.
Specifics•For God’s glory (Is 43:7)•For God’s praise (Eph. 1:3-14)•To know full life (John 10:10)•To enjoy life as God’s gift (Ecc. 2:24-26; 3:12-13; 5:18-20)•To fear God and obey Him (Ecc. 12:13)
HamartiologyThe Doctrine of Sin
DEFINITION(Meaning)
IMPUTATION OF SIN(Guilt through Adam)
SummarySin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature (1 Jn 3:4). In these ways we fall short of God’s glory (Rom. 3:23) and break relation-ship with Him.
New Testament Wordsaμartia*
Harmatia - sin, missing the markkakoV
Kakas - bad, moral wrongponhroV
Poneros - evil, moral evilasebeia
Asebea - godless, apostateenocoV
Enochos - guilt, worthy of deathadakia
Adakia - unrighteousnessanaμoV
Anomos - lawless, iniquitypaabathV
Parabates - transgressor, sinnerplanaw
Planao - to go astray, wanderparaptwμa
Paraptoma - step over the line
Old Testament Wordsaf*j**
Chata - to hit the wrong markur*
Ra - inferior, wicked, injuriousuv*p*
Pasha - revolt, rebelion/w)u*
Awon - crooked, iniquity, guiltgg*v*
Shagag - to err, go astray, sin inadvertantly
uv*r*Rasha - wickedness, guilty
hu*t*Taah - to wander, go astray
“Imputation” DefinedA Latin term used to reflect the meaning of the greek word logizoμai - logizomai - mean-ing “to reckon”, or “charge to one’s account”.
Three Biblical Imputations1. Adam’s sin imputed to all - Rom. 5:12-212. Man’s sin imputed to Christ - 2 Cor. 5:193. Christ’s righteousness imputed to believers - Rom. 5:12-21; 2 Cor. 5:21
Objections Answered1. Without imputation we would still be
guilty because of our own personal sin(s).2. Without the pattern of imputation of sin
from Adam established the imputation of Christ’s righteousness would be unfair.
3. The doctrine of imputation demonstrates both the wisdom and grace of God.
4. The doctrine of imputation does not deny personal freedom.
INTER-DEPENDENT
INHERITANCE OF SIN(Nature through Parents)
Scriptural SupportLike the rest, we were by nature objects of wrath.
Ephesians 2:3bSurely I was sinful at birth,
sinful from the time my mother conceived me.Psalm 51:5
Even from birth the wicked go astray;from the womb they are wayward and speak lies.
Psalm 58:3
Extent of CorruptionEvery part of our being is affected by sin. Our intellect, emotions, desires and will are corrupt. Our heart - the center of desire and decision - is
desperately corrupt - Jer. 17:9. There is nothing good in us that merits God’s favor - Rom. 7:18.
1. Intellect Blinded - 2 Cor. 4:42. Mind depraved - Rom. 1:21, 283. Understanding inhibited - Eph. 4:184. Conscience corrupted - Titus 1:155. Will enslaved - Rom. 6:206. Total Being Sinful - Rom. 1:18-3:20
Total DepravitySinfulness extends to each & every person (Rom. 3:23) and effects every aspect of his being (Rom. 7:18) so that nothing he does - either good or bad - merits the favor of God or meets God’s standard of holiness.
RESULTS(Consequences)
Four Views of Imputation1. No imputation from Adam. Each man is
free and only guilty because of his own sin.2. The tendency to sin is inherited from Adam.
Each man is guilty because of his own sin.3. Every person is seminally present in
Adam and thus guilty.4. Adam is a representative of the human race and
we are guilty because of his sin - Rom. 5:12-21.
1. Immediately - sin brings pain, alienation and conflict - Gen. 3:8-24.
2. Imputation - we are guilty and separated from God - Rom. 5:12-21.
3. Inheritance - We sin and are sinners - Ps. 51:5.
4. Death both physical and spiritual is a central conse-quence of sin - Gen. 2:15; Rom. 5:12-13; Eph. 2:1-3.
5. When a Christians sins his legal standing before God does not change (Rom 8:1) but fellowship is broken (1 Jn 3:21) & discipline is a response of a loving God (Heb. 12:6-10).
6. A believer living in persis-tent sin is in danger of physical death. One par-ticular sin is not defined here (1 Jn. 5:16-17).
7. The “unpardonable sin” seems to be a specific case of malicious and willful re-jection of the work of the Holy Spirit through Christ & attributing it to Satan (Mt. 12:31-32). It may have only been possible when Christ was on earth.
REMEDY(Solution)
1. The remedy for the guilt of imputed sin is receiving the righteousness of Christ through faith - Eph. 2:4-10; Rom. 5:12-21.
2. The remedy for personal sin is confession - 1 Jn 1:9.
SoteriologyThe Doctrine of Salvation
The Gospel Message
THE INITIATIONOF GOD
Now, brothers, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you,
which you received and on which you have taken your stand.
1 Corinthians 15:1
Christ died for our sins (1 Cor 15:3-4a)
•according to the Scriptures (15:3b) •Proof: Burial (15:4a)Christ was raised
from the dead(1 Cor 15:4b-8)
•according to the Scriptures (15:4b) •Proof: Appearances (15:5-8)
But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners,
Christ died for us.Romans 5:8
Common Grace
“God’s general care for all.”Matt 5:45; Acts 14:17; Ps 145:8-9
•Not redemptive - Rom 1:20•Election/Predestination
“God’s choice of some for salvation”Eph 1:3,5; Rom 9:11; 2 Tm 1:9
•of persons/not facts••not on the basis of faith•
•not on the basis of good deeds•Calling
General Call to All (Mt 22:14;1Tim 2:3-4)Effective Call of Elect (Rom 8:30)
Regeneration“Impartation of New Life”Titus 3:5; Eph 2:5; Jn 3:3-5
Adoption“New relationship as God’s Sons”Rom 8:15,23; Gal 4:5-6; Eph 1:5
INTER-DEPENDENT
THE RESPONSEOF MAN
The Acomplishments of Salvation
How shall we escape if we ignore such a great salvation?
Hebrews 2:3Substitutionary Atonement
(in relation to Sin’s Penalty)Heb 9:28; 1 Pet 2:24
Redemption(in relation to Sin’s Bondage)
Gal 3:13; 1 Col 6:20Forgiveness
(in relation to Sin’s Offense)Eph 1:7; Col 2:13 Reconciliation
(in relation to Man’s Alienation)Col 1:21-22; 2 Cor 5:18-19
Propitiation(in relation to God’s Justice)
Rom 3:25; Heb 2:17; 1 Jn 2:2;4:10
Justification(Legally)
•My sin imputed to Christ 2 Cor 5:21
•Christ’s Righteousness imputed to Me
Rom 3:21-4:5; 5:19Adoption(Familially)
Rom 8:15,23; Gal 4:5-6; Eph 1:5Peace
(Relationally)Peace with God
Rom 5:1Peace with Others
Eph. 2:14-18
For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith —and this not from yourselves,
it is the gift of God — not by works,so that no one can boast.
Ephesianss 2:8-9
“Grace”“The unmerited favor of God through which
we get what we do not deserve”
“Faith”“The appropriation of God’s provision by trust.”
Eph 2:8; John 3:16; 5:24; 17:3•esp. John whose purpose
is evangelistic (20:31)Romans: Doctrinal Treatise on Gospel
(4:21-22)“Not by Works”
Heretical Additions to Man’s Response•Faith + sorrow over sin (part of conviction)•Faith + baptism (symbol of commitment)•Faith + confession (expression of faith)
•Faith + surrender (subsequent result of growth)•Faith + a changed life (expected outcome)
•Faith + fruit (can’t be quantified)“
And those he predestined, he also called; those he called,
he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified.
Romans 8:30
Temporal Order•Provision•Response•Transformation• (God) (Me) (Us)
Biblical Order•Predestined•Called••Justified•Glorified•
(Romans 8:30)Logical Order
•Election•Call••Regeneration•Conversion•
•Justification••Sanctification•Glorification•
Assurance of Salvation“Confidence that one has eternal life.”
•Objectively based on the promise of GodJn 5:24; 1 Jn 5:1,13
•Subjectively based on our maturity and growth1 Jn 2:3,9-11,29; 3:14; 2 Cor 5:17
Eternal SecurityOnce the gift of salvation is genuinely
received, it cannot be lostJn 10:28-30; Rom 8:31-39
The Security of the BelieverI give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand.
John 10:28
The Order of Salvation
Atonement TheoriesRansom to Satan - OrigenRecapitulation - Iraneus
Satisfaction - AnselmMoral Influence - Abelard
Example - Socinius, LiberalismGovernmental - Grotius
Dramatic Victory - AulenRevelatory - Barth
Substitution - Calvin
Bibl
iolo
gyK
ey W
ords
and
Con
cept
swh
atR
EV
EL
AT
ION
“The
act
of G
od b
y w
hich
He
has m
ade
know
n w
hat w
as o
ther
wis
e un
know
able
.”
αποκαλυπσις
- apo
kalu
psis
– “
to u
nvei
l, to
unc
over
”
GE
NE
RA
L
“God
’s w
itnes
s to
Him
self
thro
ugh
crea
tion,
his
tory
, and
the
natu
re &
con
scie
nce
of m
an.”
SP
EC
IAL
“God
’s d
iscl
osur
e of
Him
self
in S
alva
tion
His
tory
(r
evel
atio
n in
a p
erso
n) a
nd in
the
inte
rpre
tive
wor
d of
Scr
iptu
re (r
evel
atio
n in
pro
posi
tion)
.”
His
tory
Judg
esR
uth
Cre
ati
on
Psal
m 1
9:1-
6R
om. 1
:18-
20
Man
Gen
. 1:2
6-27
Rom
. 2:1
4-15
Wri
tten
2 Ti
mot
hy 3
:16-
172
Pete
r 2:2
1
Liv
ing
John
1:1
-18
Heb
rew
s 1:1
-3
how
INS
PIR
AT
ION
“God
’s su
perin
tend
ing
of h
uman
aut
hors
so th
at u
sing
thei
r ow
n in
divi
dual
per
sona
litie
s the
y co
mpo
sed
and
reco
rded
God
’s re
vela
tion
to m
an w
ithou
t err
or in
the
wor
ds o
f the
orig
inal
man
uscr
ipts
.”(2
Tim
othy
3:1
5-17
; 2 P
eter
1:2
1)
INE
RR
AN
CY
“The
qua
lity
of b
eing
free
from
all
fals
ehoo
d or
mis
take
, whi
ch sa
fegu
ards
the
truth
that
Hol
y Sc
riptu
re
is e
ntire
ly tr
ue a
nd tr
ustw
orth
y in
all
its a
sser
tions
.”(M
atth
ew 5
:17-
18; J
ohn
10:3
5, 1
7:17
)
INF
AL
LIB
ILIT
Y
“The
qua
lity
of n
eith
er m
isle
adin
g or
bei
ng m
isle
d, w
hich
safe
guar
ds th
e tru
th th
at H
oly
Scrip
ture
is
a su
re, s
afe,
and
relia
ble
guid
e in
all
mat
ters
.”
INT
ER
PR
ET
AT
ION
“The
pro
cess
of d
eter
min
ing
the
bibl
ical
aut
hor’s
inte
nded
mea
ning
.”
ILL
UM
INA
TIO
N
“The
wor
k of
the
Hol
y Sp
irit,
whi
ch a
ssis
ts th
e re
ader
in re
spon
ding
to G
od’s
writ
ten
reve
latio
n.”
(Joh
n 16
:12-
15; 1
Cor
inth
ians
2:9
-16)
AP
PL
ICA
TIO
N
“The
pro
cess
of d
eter
min
ing
the
curr
ent r
elev
ance
of S
crip
ture
and
then
act
ivel
y re
spon
ding
.”(J
ames
1:1
9-27
)
resu
lt
resu
lt
resp
onsi
bilit
y
reso
urce
resp
onse