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Serving with pride and confidence
Jeff Maynard TVP Volunteer (T5273)
TVP accredited for Fraud and Cyber Crime Prevention
Protecting yourself from Cyber Crime
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Serving with pride and confidence
Jeff Maynard:
✦Started in computing in September, 1965 ✦Ran British Airways’ global comms and computers ✦Migrated C&W from analogue to digital networking ✦ IT Entrepreneur Of The Year, 2000 ✦Floated three IT companies (OTC, LSE, AIM) ✦Writes iPhone/Android Apps as a hobby ✦Advisor to TVP on cyber crime
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Serving with pride and confidence
Am I at risk from cyber criminals?
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Think before you link!
Cyber Crime in the UK
• ≈ TWO million online fraud reports per year • Action Fraud estimate only one in five reported…
• ≈ potentially TEN million online frauds per year • Average loss: £550
• Cyber crime in the UK is a £billion pa industry!
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The Cyber Crime risk:
Much the most prevalent crime against the individual:
• Much, much more likely than mugging or burglary • Most people are ‘complacent’ • Poor password choice helps the bad guys • Banks can be reluctant to refund lost money • Only one in 650 cyber frauds leads to conviction
And, its all down to the Internet…
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But, the Internet is here to stay
It is just so much easier for:
• on-line banking • downloading/streaming videos, movies, music etc • watching catch-up TV • booking holidays, theatres, football matches • buying groceries, clothes, electronics etc • making investments • audio/video calls • …
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But, the Internet was not designed for
Any of these activities:
• on-line banking • downloading/streaming videos, movies, music etc • watching catch-up TV • booking holidays, theatres, football matches • buying groceries, clothes, electronics etc • making investments • audio/video calls • or even web surfing!
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And, the Internet is:
• fundamentally insecure
• largely unmanaged
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The Internet grew from DARPAnet
• Conceived by US military • for transporting large files • between military and research labs
• Cold War thinking • Self healing • No central control room
• Closed so no need for security • Hyperlinking (the WWW) added later
• by academics, for academics • …
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Why Cyber Crime?
Cyber Crime is:
• Easy
• Safe
• Profitable
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Lots of ways the bad guys target you:
Watch for all of these:
• Invitational emails • Phishing emails • Attachments to emails • Romance scams • Fake web sites • On-line gaming • Virus, trojans and malware (inc Ransomeware) • Text messages • ‘Boiler room’ and other calls
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Scammers are after you money…
• Either persuade you to send them some money • or • Steal your iD (credentials) to access your money
• Malware can intercept login information, but • Email is the preferred contact method
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“I’m all right, only my son has my email”
WRONG!
• I can buy 5,000,000 email addresses for $200 • I can create millions of email addresses overnight • If you are ever on-line you WILL be a target • If you are ever on-line you WILL be a target
• BUT, you can help yourself not be a victim…
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Some typical invitational emails
If it sounds too good to be true…
1. $1,000,000 Lottery win - send $300 for admin 2. Help liberate dormant bank account and share proceeds 3. Buy-off a hired gunman (!) 4. Send (friend) money to return home after mugging 5. Send air fare to new-found lover 6. Cash cheque for share/Secret Shopper 7. Bypass eBay for ‘better’ deal 8. Job offer 9. Buy ‘hot’ stock (investment scam)
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
Designed to steal your identity and then take your money
• PayPal • High St banks • Credit Cards • Building Societies • H M R C • Apple • Amazon • Netflix • eBay • …
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
Try to get you to login to a fake site
• ‘Your account has been suspended’ • ‘You need to verify your on-line credentials’ • ‘Problem with your membership’ • ‘You are due a refund’ • ‘Your order needs clarifying’ • …
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2/4
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3/4
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4/4
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Let’s do the unthinkable and click the link!!
https://conventioncondo.com/.001TV018lic001
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
Some telltale signs:
• Odd email address • Poor grammar • Spelling mistakes
• But, the criminals are learning... • Not addressing you by name • Asking you to 'verify' something • Offering a refund
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
The displayed link will be spoofed:
The actual URL and the displayed URL are not related
Please visit our Safe Site.
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
The displayed link will be spoofed:
The actual URL and the displayed URL are not related
Please visit our Safe Site. http://thievingbastards.com
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
You will never be emailed to click a verify link by
• Banks • Building Societies • PayPal, Amazon, Apple, Netflix… • Any financial institution • H M R C • The Police • Any government institution • ANYONE you can trust!
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Phishing emails - the most dangerous…
All trying to take you to a fake web site
• Think before you link! • If unsure, type the target address in your browser • Better still, use the AppDelete it and move on!
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Phishing emails - can be very profitable…
• 10,000,000 emails sent • 100,000 (1%) delivered to recipient • 1,000 (1%) click on the Phishing link • 100 (1%) enter personal details • £800 from each person who enters info (2015 avg) • Potential Reward: £80,000
• (at 2% the ‘reward’ is £640,000!)
•
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Attachments to emails
• Some email attachments can contain malicious code: • exe, bat, PDF, HTML, doc, com, cmd, vbs, js • zip, rar, 7z (especially with password) • and many more…
Never run or install software sent by email Keep your anti-virus up-to-date and live Think before you click on any attachments
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Romance scams
• £41million in 2017 (avg £11,500)
• Fake identity set up on dating site • Scammer spends time getting friendly • Scammer offers to come to UK to meet
• but is short on cash • so asks for airfare… • and more, and more…
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Fake web sites
From phishing email or search engine or web site
Typical scams: Identity theft Cheap holiday lettings Tickets to scarce events Fake software update
• Increasing sophistication • Easy to download and modify real site • Cannot hide the actual address in browser
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Fake web sites
• some examples to go here
1/5
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2/5
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3/5
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4/5
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5/5
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‘Added value’ web sites
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‘Added value’ web sites
$75
$114
$154
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Email protection summary
• Sender: do you know/recognise the sender? • From: does the email address match the ‘sender’? • Subject: does it sound alarmist? • Dear who: beware of generic names • Message body: bad English, poor grammar • Hyperlink: mouse-over or tap-hold to view • Attachment: do not open • Logo/signature: easily copied from genuine version
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On line banking
Is it safe to do your banking on line? YES with a couple of caveats:
Bookmark each one you use Better still, use the App(s)
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On line banking
Is it safe to do your banking on line? YES with a couple of caveats:
Bookmark each one you use Better still, use the App(s)
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Moving money on line
Buying or selling - take care:
• Receive money via PayPal • Send money via PayPal
• or credit card • Don't use BACS to unknowns • Don’t accept cheques from unknowns • Don't use Western Union
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Moving money on line
Two PayPal scams:
• Pay by PayPal but collect in person • Could be hacked account • Not protected by PayPal • Collections cash only
• Payment received email • Authorisation waiting email • Awaiting tracking number • SCAM!
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On line gaming issues
Gaming platforms used for money laundering - so popular with criminals
Invitations to join coupled with app download - malware or key logger
Fake ‘cracks’ for games (malware again)
Fake game Apps (on Android)
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Malware, trojans and virus threats
Your PC or Mac can be infected: • executing email attachments
• .exe .bat .com .cmd .js .cpl vb dmg • downloading (applications) from P2P sites • ‘updating’ software from dodgy sites • visiting porn sites
ALWAYS keep anti-virus software running • plenty free for personal use
• Sophos, AVG, Avast etc
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Malware, trojans and virus threats
Malware (inc trojans, viruses, worms) installs malicious programs: Keyloggers, Ad displays, Remote Access, Relay, DoS Attacker, Ransomware, …
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RansomwareMessage that your data is encrypted
Docs, photos, files, everything! Requesting payment for unlock key Usually in ‘bitcoins” (diff to trace)
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RansomwareMessage that your data is encrypted
Infections across networks (includes shared wi-fi!)
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Recovering from Ransomware
1. Do NOT pay the ransom! 2. Google the detail so you can delete the file(s)
3. Recover your data from your backup…
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Backup - best practice
1. Automatic 2. Remote location (off-site) 3. Continuous (every version/update) 4. Everything (all your files)
Cloud services (Box, Dropbox, iCloud, OneDrive, Google Drive etc)are NOT suitable for backup…
Recommendation: CrashPlan
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Text (SMS) scams
Similar to email scams but delivered by text message once again, attempting to drive you to a scam site
• account verification request • lottery win • missing order
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Other mobile scams
• Missed call may redirect to premium rate line • Prize win message redirects to premium rate • ‘Free’ ring tone is subscription service • Insurance call following new phone buy
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Mobile safety
• Lock your phone with your PIN • Call your provider immediately if phone lost • Do not install Apps from unknown sources • Use PIN to access voicemail • Know how to remotely lock/track • Think before you link! • Factory reset before selling
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Phone (landline) scamsThree broad types:
• Problem with your bank account • will offer to swap bank card by courier
• ‘Microsoft/BT calling' • trying to persuade you there is a problem with your PC/broadband • following the instructions will let them control your computer • the claim regarding ‘noticing problems’ is rubbish!
• Hard sell • timeshare • stocks/shares/wine • Pensions • etc…
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Think before you link!
Phone (landline) scams
Dealing with cold sales calls: • Hang up!(if it sounds interesting, Google provider and phone them)
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Public wi-fi
Use public wi-fi with caution McDonalds, Costa, etc
Use commercial hotspots (eg BT/Cloud) If in doubt use 4G
Update apps only on your home network Use an app for banking etc
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Poor passwords put you at risk
• 8+4 (>8 characters, upper/lower case, number, symbol) • Pharaoh2&7 | Titndoml&*9 | Mdhnn9)(8
• Three word phrase • WorldcruisEHeaven | TypicalBadChoices
• DO NOT use ‘password’, birthday, address, ‘12345678’
• Don’t write them down! • Different passwords for different accounts • Use two-factor login if available • Use a password manager (Avast Password is free)
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Choosing the best kit
The ONLY equipment to provide complete protection is wire cutters!
But, some is safer than others: iPad, iPhone (safest) Mac (next safest)
Windows PC, Android tablet/phone - higher risk
No equipment or software will stop you clicking dodgy links!
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YOU are your best defence
• If it smells fishy, it probably is
• If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is
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Staying safe on line
THINK before you link!
• better still: do not follow email links! • keep anti virus running and firewall on • use strong passwords and keep them safe • backup critical data • use an App for on-line banking • bookmark banking/financial sites • use PayPal rather than credit cards • use two-stage verification if available • Beware of friends’ USB drives
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Think before you link!
Staying safe on line
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Think before you link!
Thames Valley Police Emergency: 999 Non-emergency – 101 www.thamesvalley.police.uk Action Fraud Tel: 0300 1232040 www.actionfraud.police.uk Crimestoppers Tel: 0800 555111 www.crimestoppers-uk.org Trading Standards Tel: 03454 040506 www.tradingstandards.uk
Browse www.getsafeonline.org