Japan’s Floating Offshore Wind Projects: An Overview
May 2013
Annette Bossler
Main(e) International Consulting LLCBremen, Maine (USA)
A Member Company of
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Presentation Outline:
• Offshore Wind Resources in Japan
• Past Floating Offshore Research Projects
• Operating Projects:• Hakata Bay Scale Pilot (‚Wind Lens‘)• Kabashima Island Project (Floating Spar)
• Planned Projects:• Fukushima Project (1 x Spar, 2 x Semisubmersible)• MODEC ‘Skwid’ Floating Wind & Ocean Current Turbine
• Outlook
3Source:http://www.vidiani.com/maps/maps_of_asia/maps_of_japan/large_detailed_road_and_topographical_map_of_japan.jpg
Eastern Japan
Western Japan
Tokyo
Iwaki
Fukuoka
Nagasaki
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Offshore wind situation in Japan: 80% of wind resources are in deep water (50 meter+)Theoretical wind energy generation capacity of 1.6 TW
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Operating ‚Near Shore‘ Wind Power:‐ Hokkaido: (2 x 600kW turbines) at a
Japan Self Defense Forces facility‐ Yamagata: (5 x 2MW turbines),
operated by Summit Wind Power‐ Ibaraki: (7 x 2MW turbines); to be
increased to 15 turbines. 300km from2011 earthquake epicenter – back in operation 2 weeks after earthquake
Operating Offshore Wind Power:‐ Gravity foundation with 1 x 2.4 MW
turbine in Tokyo Bay‐ Gravity Foundation with 1 x 2.4 MW
turbine in Fukuoka Bay
Operating Floating Scale Pilots:‐ Hakata Bay Wind Lens (2 x 3kW
turbines in single floater)‐ Kabashima Island Spar (1 x 100kW
turbine)
Planned Full Scale Floating Pilots:‐ Kabashima Island Spar (1 x 2MW
turbine)‐ Fukushima Consortium (1 x 2MW and 2
x 7MW turbines)
Other announced projects:‐ Hitachi/Toshiba (floating offshore)‐ Windpower Ibaraki/ Marubeni 50MW by 2017 1km off the Ibaraki coast
Current Status of Offshore Wind in Japan
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Floating Foundation Types:
Spar Buoy (ballast stabilized)
Semi Submersible (stabilized by active ballast systems and buoyancy)
Tension Leg Platform TLP(mooring line and buoyancy stabilized)
TLP:‐ Most stable‐ Less suitable for challenging ground conditions
as well as strong tidal currents and storm surges‐ Reliant on anchor systems
Spar Boy:‐ Inherently stable; lowest operational risk‐ Requires at least 80‐100 meters water depth‐ Installation more challenging; assembly requires
sheltered deep water site
Semi Submersible:‐ Most flexible design‐ Less stable than TLP and Spar‐ Reliance on active ballasting systems
Different solutions for different siteconditions!
Source:http://mhk.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/File:Floating_Foundation.jpg
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Prior Floating Offshore Research Projects in Japan:
• There were at one point 10 different floating offshore projects in Japan• The key projects were:
• Sasebo HI, Toda Construction, Japan Hume, Kyoto University Project 佐世保重工業 , 戸田建設、日本ヒューム , 京都大学
• Mitsubishi HI三菱重工業• Shimizu Corporation 清水建設• Mitsui Zosen三井造船• IHI Corporation (IHI Marine United) アイ・エイチ・アイ マリンユナイテッド• Hitachi Zosen 日立造船• National Maritime Research Institute of Japan 海上技術安全研究所• Kyushu University 九州大学
• Hitachi Zosen project canceled in 2009 / 2010 due to company restructuring. In December 2011 announcementto restart. In September 2012 formation of consortium with Toshiba Corporation, Sumitomo Electric et. al. In November 2012 technical co‐operation agreement with Statoil of Norway.
• Most projects have been funded by Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNEDO (独立行政法人新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構)
Hitachi Mitsubishi Mitsui Sasebo et. al. Shimizu NMRI
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Hakata Bay Scale Pilot (‚Wind Lens‘)• Project by Kyushu University Division of Renewable
Energy Dynamics • Initial development of wind turbine with the project• name ‘wind lens’.• Launched December 4th, 2011 for 1 year test with • scale model of an 18 meter diameter floating
platform with two 3kW turbines 600 meters from shore in Hakata Bay (Fukuoka)
• Pilot also includes solar panels. • Stage 2 will be testing of a 60 meters diameter
platform with TLP mooring 2km off the coast.
Image Source: Asahi Shimbun, Dec. 5th, 2011
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5t concrete anchors, 2 each at 6 locations
11Image Source: Kyushu University Division of Renewable Energy Dynamics
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Kabashima Island Project (Floating Spar)
• Supported by Ministry of Environment• Consortium of Toda Construction, Fuji Heavy Industries, Kyoto University and National Maritime
Research Institute of Japan• Scale pilot with 100kW downwind turbine launched in June 2012• Turbine manufactured by Hitachi and Japan Steel Works• Total length of 71 meter• Hub height 22 meter above water level• Bottom of spar uses ‘super hybrid’ concrete, developed by Kyoto University and Toda
Construction• Full scale pilot planned for 2013 at water depth of 80‐100 meters with 2MW turbine• Extensive environmental monitoring
13Image Source: Kyoto University / Toda Construction
14Image Source: Kyoto University / Toda Construction
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Full Scale Fukushima Floating Demonstration Project
Foundation Type Spec Turbine Type Technology Provide Phase
Advanced Spar 25 MVA, 66kV Substation Japan Marine United (Foundation); Hitachi
(Substation)
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Semisubmersible 2MW Downwind Turbine Mitsui (Foundation), Hitachi (Turbine)
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Semisubmersible 7MW Upwind Turbine,hydraulic
Mitsubishi (Foundation & Turbine)
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Advanced Spar 7MW Upwind Turbine, hydraulic
Japan Marine United (Foundation), Mitsubishi
(Turbine)
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• Project management by Marubeni• Funding: Japanese Government Yen 12.5 Billion (US$ 123 Million).
Estimated total cost Yen 18.8 Billion (US$ US$ 189 Million)• 2 x 7MW turbines and 1 x 2MW turbine• Interconnect at Iwaki; power to be purchased by TEPCO• First hydraulic offshore turbine to be used with floating foundations (Mitsubishi 7MW)• Water depth 100 ‐200 meter• Average wind speed 7 m/s at hub height• 20km offshore Fukushima Prefecture coast
Source: Fukushima Consortium Press Release
16Source: Nippon.com
Full Scale Fukushima Floating Demonstration Project
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Site Conditions: Water depth 100‐200mAnnual average wind speed: 7m / s at hub heightMaximum significant wave height: 7‐14mDistance offshore: More than 20km
Assignments per consortium member:Marubeni Corporation (Project Team Leader): Business research, licensing, environment, fisheriesTokyo University (Technical Advisor): Observation of floating body dynamics, development of simulation technologyMitsubishi Corporation: Business research, licensing, environment, fisheries, such as O & MMitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.: Floating offshore wind power generation facilityJapan Marine United: Floating offshore wind power generation facility and for floating sub‐stationMitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.: Floating offshore wind power generation facilityNippon Steel Corporation: Steel SupplyHitachi, Ltd.: Offshore substationFurukawa Electric Co., Ltd.: Subsea cableShimizu Corporation: Construction technologyMizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc.: Project Management and Administration
Full Scale Pilot Project in advanced Planning: Fukushima Floating Pilot Project
18Source: Tokyo University / Fukushima Consortium
Full Scale Fukushima Floating Demonstration Project
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Est. Cable Length 23 km
Full Scale Fukushima Floating Demonstration Project
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Subsea cable installation started in April 2013.
Full Scale Fukushima Floating Demonstration Project
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Japan Marine United (formerly IHI) Advanced Spar • Floating spar with ‘reduced vacillation finn’ to
reduce sway• Minimum draft 50 meter• Core design will be used for floating substation and
foundation for 7MW turbine
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• Tower height 88.8 m• Hub height 105 meter• Rotor diameter 167 m• Spar length 60 m• Connection tower and foundation height 12 m
Japan Marine United (formerly IHI) Advanced Spar
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Mitsui Semisubmersible
Source: Fukushima Consortium Model shown at Tokyo Smart Energy Week, Feb. 2013 (Photo: MIC)
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Mitsui Semisubmersible
• Mitsui has developed 2 floating foundations: a TLP and a Semisubmersible
• The Semisubmersible will be built as part of theFukushima project
• Design for use with a 2MW turbine• Width 58 m• Total column length 32 m of which 16 mwill be
submerged• Hub height 60 m• Blade length ca. 40 m• Rotor diameter ca. 80 m• Cut out wind speed 25 m/s• Cut in wind speed 13 m/s• RPM 11.1 – 19.6
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Mitsubishi Semisubmersible
Source: Mitsubishi
• Semisub to be deployed with Mitsubishi‘snew 7MW hydraulic offshore turbine
• Hub height 105 m• Rotor diameter 167 m• Cut in wind speed 15 m/s• Cut out wind speed 21 m/s• RPM 10.3
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Mitsubishi Semisubmersible
• Tower height ca. 105 m• Displacement ca. 26,000 t• Column diameter 14 m
Source: Mitsubishi
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Mitsubishi Semisubmersible Assembly
Source: 経済産業省 資源エネルギー庁
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MODEC ‘Skwid’ Floating Wind & Ocean Current Turbine (Savonius Keel & Wind Turbine Darrieus)
• MODEC is a subsidiary of Mitsui Zosen• Model was presented at Tokyo Smart
Energy Week Exhibition in February2013
• Scale model pilot plant underconstruction; test planned for fall 2013
• Project supported by NEDO• Omnidirectional Darrieus vertical
turbine• Savonius ocean current turbine• Floating structure suitable for shallow
water• To be utilized powering islands in
remote locations• Estimated output capacity of 500kW in
winds of 13 m/s• Max output 1MW at 16m/s wind speed
Source: http://www.modec.com/fps/skwid/pdf/skwid.pdf
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Outlook
• For many years, Japan‘s floating offshore foundation research was unkown in Europe and North America as publications were only available in Japanese.
• Japanese government and industry have always been aware of the overseas market potential forfloating offshore wind, especially in the US.
• Japanese industry had limited interest in the technology for the domestic Japanese marketbecause of lack of government support and opposition by the powerful Japanese fishingindustry. The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake, Tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident havechanged the direction.
• The conservative government continues to support the development of renewable energy, including floating offshore wind. This is also highlighted in the latest 5 year Japan Ocean PolicyPlan, issued in April 2013.
• With ist strong naval architecture and marine construction resources Japan is likely to becomeone of the leaders in floating offshore wind.
• Japan has strong representation in the IEA sub‐working group on standards for floating offshore wind.
• Japan is developing navigational safety standards for floating offshore wind.
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Thank you for your attention.
ご清聴ありがとうございました。
Prepared by:
Main(e) International Consulting LLC32 Blueberry Lane, Bremen ME 04551, USAwww.maine‐intl‐consulting.comPhone +1 207 529 2291 Email abossler@maine‐intl‐consulting.com
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