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P Pl tPower PlantsA1M15ENY
Lecture No 5Lecture No. 5Jan Špetlík
spetlij@fel cvut cz - subject in e-mail ENY”[email protected] subject in e mail „ENY
Department of Power Engineering Faculty of Eelectrical Engineering CTU Technická 2Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Eelectrical Engineering CTU, Technická 2, 166 27 Praha 6
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Peak short circuit current is:
2 1 7 2 25 59 9 kAi Iκ ′′
73 4 10 3 1l −
3 3. 2. 1,7. 2.25 59,9 kAp ki Iκ= = =Force between main conductors for both cases:
72 2 60
3 33 4. .10 3 1. . . . .59,9 .10 . 1, 242 kN
2. 2 2. 2 0,5m p m
lF id
μ ππ π
= = =
F t
0,73β = . 1rV Vσ = 0,2. 1,5.120 180 MPaqσ = =Factors:
F ff t d t
2 20 010 0 063b1) Vertical arrangement
Force effects on conductors:
31 242 10 1F l
2 25 3. 0,010.0,063 3,97.10 m
6 6a bZ −= = =
33
5
. 1, 242.10 .1. . . 1.0,73. 2,85 MPa8. 8.3,97.10
mm r
F lV VZσ
σ β −= = =
0,2.tot qσ σ
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26 30,063.0,010
2) Horizontal arrangement
6 30,063.0,010 1,05.10 m6
Z −= =
33. 1, 242.10 .1F l3
6
. 1, 242.10 .1. . . 1.0,73. 107,9 MPa8. 8.1,05.10
mm r
F lV VZσ
σ β −= = =
C d OK b 0,2.tot qσ σ ⇒
1) Vertical arrangement
1 1α =, 2,7 . 2,72,85 F rtot
V Vσ
= > ⇒ =
2 7 1 1 1 242 7 18 kNF V V Fα= = =
1,1kritα =
3. . . 2,7.1,1.1, 242 7,18 kND F r mF V V Fα= = =
0,025 mT = ,
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7,18 0,13 0,025. 10,7 kN P+ = <
Corresponding support is 16 kN
. 10,7 kN0,8 0,13
P<
1,1k itα =0,20,8. 0,8.120 0 889 1 1V V
σ= = < ⇒ =
2) Horizontal arrangement
1,1kritα0,889 1 . 1107,9 F rtot
V Vσ
= = < ⇒ =
3. . . 1.1,1.1, 242 1,37 kND FF V V Fα= = =3. . . 1.1,1.1, 242 1,37 kND F r mF V V Fα
0,052 mT =
1,37 0,13 0,052. 2, 4 kN0,8 0,13
P+ = <
Corresponding support is 5 kN
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Rem.
For power outlet from medium sized generator a multiple rigid conductor arrangement can be used (in this case 3 x Al 63x10
h )per phase)
multiple bundled ACSRconductorsconductors
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High current resin insulatedconductor system DURESCA
Aluminum enclosed bus ducts are used for the most heavy currentused for the most heavy current demanding installations
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GeneratorsIn power generation following types are used:
- Round synchronous machines (two or four poles) for steam turbines up to 1000 MW
- Salient pole synchronous machines (multipole) for hydroelectric power plants power output hundreds of MWpower plants, power output hundreds of MW
- Cage induction machines- Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG), power output tens of
MW for wind farms
Turbogenerators
Hydrogenerators DFIGs
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GeneratorsConstruction:
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GeneratorsIM code:Mounting arrangementacc. to EN 60034-7acc. to EN 60034 7(generators + motors)
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GeneratorsIC code: Cooling arrangement
Cooling arrangement of generators:- Natural cooling - convection- Forced internal cooling (a speed dependent fan located on shaft)
Natural + forced internal cooling (two circuits convection + fan)- Natural + forced internal cooling (two circuits convection + fan)- Forced external cooling (speed independent fan/pump)
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GeneratorsIC code: Cooling arrangement
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GeneratorsIC code:
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GeneratorsClasses of the insulation system:Expresses thermal withstand of (winding) insulation materials, typically:Cl A E tt ilkClass A, E – cotton, silk, paperClass B, F – mica, glass fiber, asbestosClass H – silicone elastomer, porcelain, mica, glass fiberClass H silicone elastomer, porcelain, mica, glass fiber
Rem.:Rem.: Class B / F – most common for 60 Hz / 50 Hz motorsMaterials for special insulation requirements (aerospace, nuclear, physics):Ceramics, silicon resins, teflon, chrome-iron/nickel clad copper (over 200 –600 °C)
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Main Parameters SelectionRated apparent power:Dependent of turbine power output + rated power factor (~0,85) Formerly used generator series: 63 MVA / 125 MVA / 235 MVA /Formerly used generator series: 63 MVA / 125 MVA / 235 MVA /588 MVA / 1176 MVA
Rated voltage:Rated voltage:Voltage selection with respect to In, insulation parameters, ability to protect the machine + outer networkpTypical voltage level Vn:
Pn Vndo 50 MW 6 - 6,3 kV
50-100 MW 10,5 - 11 kV
100-200MW 13,8 kV,
200-500 MW 15 - 15,75 kV
1000 MW Temelín 24 kV
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Basic Formulas for Steady State
Steady state three phase power:
*ˆ ˆ ˆ3 3 cos 3 sinS P j Q U I U I j U Iϕ ϕ= + = = +. 3. . 3. . .cos .3. . .sinf f fS P j Q U I U I j U Iϕ ϕ= + = = +
2.3 i i 2d qX XU E UP U I β β
−3. . .cos .sin . .sin 2
2 .d q
fd d q
P U IX X X
ϕ β β= = +
2 2X X X XU E U U +2 2.3. . .sin .cos . .cos 2 .2 . 2 .
d q d qf
d d q d q
X X X XU E U UQ U IX X X X X
ϕ β β− +
= = + −
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Regulation Fundamentalsg
( ).sys P Wf f s P P= + −Governor: P-f regulation AVR: Q-V regulation
( ).ref Q WV V s Q Q= + −