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JACQUES J NEETESON
MANAGER - AGROSYSTEMS RESEARCH PLANT RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY & RESEARCH CENTRE
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Seaweeds for feed and food production
GFIA, Abu Dhabi, 3 February 2014
Jacques Neeteson ([email protected])
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The protein challenge
World population 2050: +33%
Global meat consumption 2030: +50%
3-6 kg plant protein required for 1 kg meat protein
Urgent need for an increase in plant protein production
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Protein sources for animal production
Current global need for feed protein: 1 billion tonnes per year
Major current source: soybean
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Protein sources for animal production
Extension of soybean production?
● Greater demand of land and fresh water
● Loss of biodiversity
● Further distorted nutrient balance
Alternative protein source: seaweed
● Use of seas and oceans
● No fresh water required
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Brown seaweeds 2.000 species
Green seaweeds 1.200 species
Red seaweeds 6.000 species
Seaweeds
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Seaweed biology: favourite depth of growth
Red
seaweed
Brown
seaweed
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
meter
Green
seaweed
Brown
seaweed
Red seaweed
Depth of seawater
Green seaweed
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Protein values of different seaweed species
-4
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
Ulva lactuc
a
Ulva pe
rtusa
Ulva ar
mor
ican
a
Ulva clathr
ata
Ent
erom
oorp
ha
Mon
ostro
ma
Fucu
s
Laminar
ia
Alaria
Pad
ina
Sar
gass
um
Palmar
ia
Por
phyra
Rho
dym
enia
Gra
cilaria
%Seaweed protein content
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Application Component(s)
Food Proteins, fatty acids, nutrients, alginic
acid, vitamines, carrageenan, agar,
mannitol, iodine
Feed Proteins, fatty acids, nutrients, alginic
acid, vitamines
Pharmaceuticals Vitamines, iodine, fucoidan
Cosmetics Nutrients, alginic acid, vitamines
Anti-oxidant Fucoxanthine, polyfenols
Biofuels Carbohydrates
Seaweed components
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Seaweed research under laboratory and greenhouse conditions
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Test location The Wierderij
Crop cultivation of seaweed
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First-year seaweed production at The Wierderij
Year-round production: the combination of green and brown seaweeds yielded 25,000 kg dry weight/ha.
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Prospects for seaweed cultivation
in the Middle East
Gracilaria multipartita
Eucheuma cottonii
Ulva lactuca
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Gracilaria
multipartita
Productive in tropical seas such as the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf
Production system is not yet optimised
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Eucheuma
cottonii
Productive, but susceptible to diseases
Production system is not yet optimised
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Ulva lactuca
Grows well in warm sea water
25% of DW is high value protein
Production system is not yet optimised
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Prospects for seaweed cultivation
in the Middle East
Gracilaria multipartita
Eucheuma cottonii
Ulva lactuca
Gracilaria, Eucheuma and Ulva cultivated in an integrated year-round
system may be a sustainable production system
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Profitability of seaweed cultivation
Benefits (AED per ha) Carbohydrates 50,000 Proteins-food (20%) 25,000 Proteins-feed (80%) 15,000 PUFAs 6,250
Total 96,250
Annual yield of 25,000 kg dry weight per ha 10,000 kg carbohydrates 5,000 kg proteins 625 kg PUFAs
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R&D challenges
Production of propagation material
Construction of robust, but flexible, production facilities
Development of site-specific sustainable production systems
Development of efficient harvesting technology
Development of cost-efficient upstream production chains