Download - Jacksonian Democracy
![Page 1: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WHITE MAN’S OPPORTUNITY WHITE MAN’S DEMOCRACY
Jacksonian Democracy
![Page 2: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bingham “County Election”
![Page 3: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Essential Questions:
Why is this called the era of the common man? Evaluate – to what degree is this accurate?
What factors cause the 2APPS to emerge?
What are the key/defining issues of the period?
![Page 4: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Characteristics
Representative democracy emergesEquality of opportunity Opportunity created by the market
economyAnti-elitist (Anti-Masonic Party) Political equality masked social and
economic inequalities (Workingman’s Party)
Paradoxical Freedom
![Page 5: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Second American Political Party System
Van Buren – political parties protect from abuse of power; permanent, balanced, competing
Whigs – Hamiltonian; active government – promotes economic development (Clay, Webster)
Democrats – limited government – protect white man’s opportunity (Van Buren, Calhoun, Jackson)
![Page 6: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Key Issues
Economic BUS Tariffs Land policies
Role of federal government Power activism
![Page 7: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Key PersonalitiesVan Buren Jackson
![Page 8: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Key PersonalitiesClay Webster
![Page 9: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Key PersonalitiesCalhoun John Quincy
Adams
![Page 10: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Underlying Sectional Issues
Tariff - protectiveLand policies – price and accessFFII Extension of slavery BUS – less sectional, issues of credit
regulation, hard/soft money
![Page 11: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Indicators of DemocracyUniversal white manhood suffrage
*****Majoritarianism – belief in majority
ruleMore officials elected Nominating conventions Party organization – all levels – source
of identity Active campaigning Increased votingVoting to influence policy decisions
form > substanceBalance representation – frontier
gainsTHE WILL OF THE PEOPLE
![Page 12: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Jackson “prototype” of modern activist
president President embodies will of the
peopleUse of veto power President as policy maker Encourages laissez faire economics Paradox – strengthens both strong
union and states rights Use of kitchen cabinet, spoils
system, rotation
![Page 13: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Quelling a Riot in the Kitchen Cabinet
![Page 14: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Political Process
Election of 1824 Corrupt Bargain JQA – nationalist – problems
Election of 1828 White male opportunity/democracy
Peggy O’Neale Eaton Affair Battle for shaping of Jackson Van Buren v Calhoun
![Page 15: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Election of 1824
![Page 16: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Election of 1828
![Page 19: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Issues of the Jacksonian EraFFII
Maysville Road – Clay & Webster Political “trap” for AJ (Miep! Miep!)
![Page 20: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Issues: Western Expansion
Indian Removal Act Ross
Johnson v McIntosh (1823) Worcester v GA (1832) & Cherokee
Nation v GA Trail of Tears 1835-1836
1830-38 Five Civilized Tribes expelled
![Page 21: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lindneux The Trail of Tears
![Page 22: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Issues: Nullification
SC Exposition and Protest (1828) Fears – slave revolts (Turner & Vesey) Economic depression
States Rights Philosophy – interposition & nullification States have the right of judicial review
Concurrent Majority Special conventions – power of one state
![Page 24: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Issues: Western Expansion
Land policy – graduation & pre-emption
Foot Proposal Webster-Hayne Debate 1830
Real issue – nature of the union Webster – permanent union of people Hayne – divisible union of states –
implications of secession
![Page 25: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Webster - Hayne Debate
![Page 26: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The PositionsHayne“The very life of our
system is the independence of the states…I am opposed to the unnecessary extension of the power of the union over the states.”
Webster“The union is
essential to the prosperity and safety of the states.” Does Hayne think the union is only a temporary thing to be sundered when it thwarts local concerns?
![Page 27: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hayne Webster
“Is the South always to be a minority upon whom Congress forces its will? If so the seeds of dissolution are already sown and our children will reap bitter fruit.” Ex. Tariff
“The great question is the right to decide constitutionality or unconstitutionality of the laws. If each state can accept or reject as it pleased, the result is chaos and the Union will fall apart like a rope of sand.”
![Page 28: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Webster
“It is sir, the people’s constitution, the people’s government; made by the people and answerable to the people. If each state demands sovereignty, the nation would be rent with civil feuds or drenched with blood. Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.”
![Page 29: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Issues: Tariff Crisis 1833
SC nullified Tariffs of 1828 & 1832AJ Response
Force Act Nullification = treason
Compromise tariff averts crisis Webster – nullification not constitutional,
secession = revolutionary right
Calhoun – build southern solidarity
![Page 30: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Issues: Bank War
Early Recharter – constitutional, political & economic issues
Clay/Webster – political issue (Miep!)AJ Veto Message
Rejects McCulloch V MD1832 election = referendum on BUS
Mandate to destroy BUS
![Page 31: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Biddle and the Bank
Provided economic stabilitySecond BUS well run - balanced
![Page 32: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Jackson’s Veto Message
“It is be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to this selfish purposes. ….There are no necessary evils in government. It’s evils exist only in its abuses. If it would confine itself to equal protection –shower its favor alike on the high and the low, the rich and the poor, it would be an unqualified blessing. In the act before me there seems to be a wide and unnecessary departure from these just principles. “
![Page 33: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Bank War 1833
AJ – “pet banks” - Taney Censure by Senate – US v JacksonBiddle fights back – folds
Wide open credit and speculationSpecie Circular 1836----Depression
1837 Hard specie crisis
Van Buren 1836; Independent Treasury
![Page 34: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Van Buren and economic crisis
![Page 37: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Jackson Court
Taney – reflects Jacksonian Democracy
Contrast w/ Marshall Court Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge
1837
![Page 38: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
King Andrew
Whig depiction
![Page 39: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
2APPS – Election 1840
Whigs – MC, Native born, creditors, Planters, Protestant – commercial economy
Democrats – more isolated small farmer, immigrants & ethnic groups, agrarian
Third Parties – raise issues/split votesElection of 1840 “Hard cider & Log
Cabin”
![Page 41: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Election Poster -1840
![Page 42: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Election of 1840
![Page 43: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The Excluded
Free African Americans - discrimination, segregation, job competition, limited opportunity – communities and self help
Slaves, Native People, Women, Asians, often Irish (minstrel show)
Anxiety reinforced racism
![Page 44: Jacksonian Democracy](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56814b7e550346895db8675d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
William Sidney Mount –The Power of Music