Download - J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
1/39
TERRAIN CHARACTERIZATION AND SOIL EROSION RISK
ASSESSMENT FOR WATERSHED PRIORITIZATIONUSING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
SupervisorDr. Suresh Kumar
Agriculture & Soils Division
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing
By
Beny Harjadi
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
2/39
9: NW
10: MR
11: CH
5: GR
2: KH
3: BR
1: TF
4: SB
6: SH
7: ST
8: KR
Study Area ; Nawagaon Maskara Rao watershed covering 205.93 sq kmThe district of Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh (Northern India)
Av. Rainfall : 1162.9 mm/year, Av. Rainy days : 72 days
Temperature : min 15.1oC, max 29.4oC
Climate : Sub tropical semi arid
Geology : Shiwalik Hilly, Colluvial, Alluvial
Land use : Sal forest, crop land (wheat, maize, sugar cane, mango orchard)
0 10 km
N
Nawagaon Maskara Rao Watershed, Saharanpur
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
3/39
OBJECTIVES
- To characterize terrain
- morphometric terrain parameters
- soil hydrological characteristics
- to prepare land use/land cover map
- To prioritize sub watershed for conservation planning
based on
- Morphometric Indices (MI)
- Soil Erosion Status (SES),
- Morgan, Morgan & Finney (MMF) model
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
4/39
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
5/39
A. PREFIELD INTERPRETATION :A. PREFIELD INTERPRETATION :
- interpretation of satellite data for physiographic soil units- interpretation of satellite data for physiographic soil units
- to prepare drainage network map of the study area.- to prepare drainage network map of the study area.
B. FIELD WORK :B. FIELD WORK :
- training sets selection for land use/land cover- training sets selection for land use/land cover
- to observe of infiltration rate, soil sample collection for bulk- to observe of infiltration rate, soil sample collection for bulk
density and soil texture from the physiographic units.density and soil texture from the physiographic units.
- to observe and to characterize erosion features- to observe and to characterize erosion features
C. POST FIELD WORK :C. POST FIELD WORK :
- to analyse soil samples for sand, silt, and clay and for bulk density- to analyse soil samples for sand, silt, and clay and for bulk density
of each physiographic unitof each physiographic unit..
- Spatial data analysis for soil erosion assessment- Spatial data analysis for soil erosion assessment
DATA USED AND METHODOLGY
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
6/39
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
7/39
LISS IV, 28 Jan 2005
N
0 10 km
Standard False Colour Composite (Std. FCC) of the watershed
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
8/39
Physiographic soil map of the watershed
N
Source : IRS LISS IV Digital , Jan. 2005
0 10 km
S11S12S21S22S23S31S32P11P12P13
P21P22P23A11A12A13A2FPSTL
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
9/39
Table 1. Soil characteristics of various physiographicsoil map units
MU PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS SOIL ASSOCIATION
S11 Hilly Very Steep Dense/Mod. Forest Loamy Skeletal Typic Ustrochrepts
S12 Hilly Very Steep Open Forest Loamy Skeletal Typic Ustrochrpets
S21 Hilly Steep Dense/Mod. Forest Loamy Skeletal Typic Ustrochrpets
S22 Hilly Steep Open Forest Loamy Skeletal Typic Ustrohcrepts
S23 Hilly Steep Barren/Scrub Loamy Skeletal Typic Usthrochrpets
S31 Hilly Moderately Steep Dense Forest Coarse Loamy Usthrochrpets
S32 Hilly Moderately Steep Open Forest Loamy Skeletal Typic Ustrochrepts
P11 Upper Piedmont Gently Sloping Forest Coarse Loamy Typic Eutrochrepts
P12 Up Pied Gently Sloping Cultivated L.S. Typic Eutrochrepts, C.L. Typic Eutrochrepts
P13 U. P. Gently Sloping Partly Cultivated L.S. Typic Eutrochrepts, C. L. Typic Udorthents
P21 L.P. Very Gently Sloping Cultivated C.L. Typic Eutrochrepts
P22 L.P.Gently Sloping, Partly Cultivated C.L. Typic Eutrochrepts, C.L. Typic Udorthents
P23 L.P. Plain G. Sloping Barren Sc/Oc C.L. Typic Udorthents
A11 Allv Very Gently Sloping Cultivated F.L. Typic Eutrochrepts, C.L. Typic Eutrochrepts
A12 Allv Nearly Level Cultivated C.L. Fluventic Eutrochrepts, F.L.Fluv Eutrochrepts
A13 All Gently Sloping, Open Sc/Cultivated Coarse Loamy Typic Dutrochrepts
A2 Alluvial Nearly Level Fine Loamy Typic Eutrochrepts, F.L.T.Hapludalfs
FP Flood Plain, Cultivated/Open Scrub Coarse Loamy Typic Udifluvents
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
10/39
Land use / Land Cover map of the watershed
N
Source : IRS LISS IV Digital , Jan. 2005
0 10 km
WHV:Wheat (High vig)
WLV: Wheat (Low vig)OC: Orchard
DF: Mod. Dense Forest
OF: Open Forest
DS: Dense Scrub
BS: Barren/Scrub
CF: Current Fallow
ST: Settlement
RB: River bed
RV: River
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
11/39
SRTM Digital Elevation Model of the Watershed
Source : Internet EOS (Earth Observation Satellite)
N
319
417
515
614
712
810
0 10 km
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
12/39
Slope Classes in Percent (Wischmeier & Smith, 1978)
A: Nearly LevelB: Undulating
C: Rolling
D: Hilly
E: Steep
F: Very SteepG: Extremely Steep
Settlement
river
N
0 10 km
A : 0-2 %
B : 2-6%
C : 6-16%
D : 16-25%
E : 25-40%
F : 40-60%
G : > 60%
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
13/39
Drainage network in the sub-watershedN
0 10 km
1: Order 1
2: Order 2
3: Order 3
4: Order 45: Order 5
10: RiverSource : SOI Toposheet scale 1:50.000, 53 F (11, 12, 15 & 16)
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
14/39
Perimeter (k
P
C irculation R at
C R
Elongation R atMorphometric Indices Based on Drainage Network
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
15/39
NO SUB W. BR RR DD DF ER FF CR CP PRI
1Track Fallows 0.53 0.046 3.398 7.11 0.078 0.231 0.05 5.0 9
2Kharonwala R. 0.33 0.051 2.544 8.06 0.090 0.311 0.46 6.0 4
3Barkala Rao 0.40 0.059 3.236 9.81 0.092 0.328 0.54 5.6 7
4Sarbar Rao 0.24 0.033 2.810 8.78 0.082 0.261 0.07 5.9 5
5Galr Rao 0.29 0.047 2.781 7.01 0.071 0.194 0.41 4.9 11
6Shakumbari R 0.45 0.056 3.566 8.56 0.075 0.216 0.83 5.7 6
7Sahansra Th. 0.28 0.058 3.978 10.2 0.093 0.333 0.29 6.4 3
8Kahan Rao 0.26 0.058 3.464 10.9 0.086 0.287 0.33 5.6 8
9Nawagaon Rao 0.50 0.027 0.913 1.52 0.098 0.371 2.76 8.0 1
10Maskara Rao 0.62 0.017 1.599 1.41 0.096 0.354 2.94 8.0 2
11Chamarla Rao 0.21 0.062 3.239 8.92 0.072 0.197 0.66 5.0 10
Table 2. Priority of SW based on morphometric indices
BR :Bifurcation Ratio
RR :Relief Ratio
DD :Drainage Density
CR : Circulatory Ratio
CP : Compound Parameter
PRI :Priority
DF :Drainage Frequency
ER :Elongation Ratio
FF : Form Factor
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
16/39
9: NW
10: MR
11: CH
5: GR2: KH
3: BR
1: TF
4: SB
6: SH
7: ST
8: KRN
Source : Drainage Map from SOI Toposheet scale 1:50.000, 53 F
0 10 km
Morphometric Index Value for Priority of SW
8.0
7.4
6.8
6.1
5.5
4.9
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
17/39
Contour SRTM
Inter olation
DEM
Slope
Dx D
A Qualitative Method to compute SES (Soil Erosion Status)
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
18/39
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
19/39
Land Use S
LISS IV
SOI
Toposhe
A Quantitative Method of Soil Erosion Assessment based on MMF Model
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
20/39
Fig 14.
Soil Erosion Risk Assessment based on MMF Model
LEGEND
N
Source : Computed with formula MMF Model
0 10 km
VL: Very Low (0- 5 t/ha/yr)
L: Low (5-10 t/ha/yr)
M: Moderate (10-25 t/ha/yr)
H: High (25 -50 t/ha/yr)
VH: Very High (>50 t/ha/yr)
Settlement
River
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
21/39
Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Area (ha) IndexValue
Sub Watershed Code VL L M H VH Total Prior
Barkala Rao BR 2.63 14.55 95.8 225.46 13.26 393.21 32.7 5
Chamarla Rao CH 27.75 36.46 177.72 196.9 16.64 470.57 32.0 8
Galr Rao GR 26.81 56.18 281.04 483.27 84.87 997.32 33.5 1
Kahan Rao KR 50.06 80.95 246.42 632.49 73.49 1149.4 33.5 2Kharonwala R. KH 26.75 51.56 219.28 376.01 74.41 834.43 31.9 9
Maskara Rao MR 841.95 113.09 2556.4 524.64 0.34 5316.4 20.4 10
Nawagaon Rao NW 1181.7 618.25 2296.5 1089.3 45.77 7646.8 18.2 11
Sahansra Th. ST 16.67 53.51 259.99 527.19 82.32 1029.9 33.2 3
Sarbar Rao SB 33.12 52.64 239.85 499.99 116.84 1059.8 32.5 6
Shakumbari R. SH 59.85 83.17 386.16 602.19 76.51 1291.2 32.3 7
Track Fallows TF 5.13 19.23 100.59 180.42 14.84 343.94 33.2 4
2272.4 1179.6 6859.7 5337.9 599.29 20533
IV MMF = (VL*10+L*20+M*30+H*40+VH*50)/Total Area
Priority of Sub Watershed based on Index Value MMF
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
22/39
NO CD SUB WATERSHED MMF(Index values)
SES(Index values)
MORPHO(Index values)
1BR Barkala Rao 5 (32.73) 3 (25.17) 7 (5.57)
2CH Chamarla Rao 8 (31.97) 9 (20.11) 10 (5.00)
3GR Galr Rao 1 (33.49) 7 (21.59) 11 (4.85)
4KH Kharonwala R 9 (31.92) 8 (21.17) 4 (6.00)
5KR Kahan Rao 2 (33.49) 4 (25.16) 8 (5.57)
6MR Maskara Rao 10 (20.38) 11 (10.06) 2 (8.00)7NW Nawagaon Rao 11 (18.17) 10 (11.64) 1 (8.00)
8SB Sarbar Rao 6 (32.47) 6 (22.61) 5 (5.85)
9SH Shakumbari R 7 (32.34) 2 (25.31) 6 (5.71)
10ST Sahansra Th. 3 (33.24) 1 (25.56) 3 (6.43)
11TF Track Fallows 4 (33.18) 5 (24.29) 9 (5.00)
INDEX VALUE (IV) :
IV MMF = (VL*10 + L*20 + M*30 + H*40 + VH*50)/Total Area
IV SES = (LEA*10 + MEA*20 + HEA*30)/Total Area
CI = MI = Score (BR+RR+DD+DF+ER+FF+CR)/7
Table 4. Index values computed for the Prioritization of the sub-watershed
P i it f S b W t h d
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
23/39
9: NW
10: MR
11: CH
5: GR2: KH
3: BR
1: TF
4: SB
6: SH
7: ST
8: KR
GR: 1
KR: 2
ST: 3TF: 4
BR: 5
SB: 6
SH: 7
CH: 8
KH: 9
MR: 10NW: 11
9: NW
10: MR
11: CH
5: GR2: KH
3: BR1: TF
4: SB
6: SH
7: ST8: KR
ST
SH
BRKR
TF
SB
GR
KH
CH
NWMR
9: NW
10: MR
11: CH
5: GR2: KH
3: BR1: TF
4: SB
6: SH
7: ST8: KRNW
MR
STKHSBSHBRKRTF
CHGR
MMF SES MI
Priority of Sub Watershed
based on SES, MMF and MIMMF : Morgan,Morgan,Finney (Quantitative)
SES : Soil Erosion Status (Qualitative)
MI : Morphometric Indices
LEGEND
0 10 kmN
MMF
SES
MI
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
24/39
Methodology to suggest conservation measures
Field DataSoil Erosion
Class
LCC ErosionLCC Slope
Max (LCC Soil, LCC Slope, LCC Erosion)
Suggested conservation measures
Slope Class
Map
Physiographic
soil map
Soil Characteristics :
Texture, Drainage, Soil
Depth, Stoniness
RS DATA SRTM Soil Erosion based on
MMF model
Land use/
Land cover mapLand Capability Class
LCC Soil
Slope Map
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
25/39
Source : Soil, Slope, and Erosion Map
Calculated LCC with 3 factors :
Soil, Slope, & Erosion MMF
1
2
4
5
7
8 1
2
3
4
5
6
LCC_EROS
LCC_SOIL
LCC_SLOPE1
2
3
4
5
6
N
0 10 km
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
26/39
IIIIIIVV
VIVIIVIIISettlementRIVER
N
Source : Computed LCC based on Soil, Slope, and Erosion MMF Model
Land Capability Classification (LCC)
LEGEND
0 10 km
Kno ledge base matri to S ggest Conser ation Meas res
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
27/39
LU II III IV VI VII VIII ST River
1 WHV CB GB/CB/CT GB/CB/CT - - - GB/CB/CT GB/CT
2 WLV CB/CT GB/CB/CT GB/CB/CT - - - GB/CB/CT GB/CT
3 OC CB GB/CT GB/CB/CT - - - GB/CB/CT CT
4 DF - CT GCD/CT GCD GCD GCD - GCD
5 OF - CT/P GCD/CT/ PTG GCD/PTG
GCD/PTG GCD/PTG SBP/PTG GCD/CT/PTG
6 DS-
SCT/PTG GCD/CT/ PTG GCD/PTG
GCD/GS/PTG
GCD/PTG
- GCD/CT/PTG
7 BS - SCT/PTG GCD/CT/ PTG GCD/PTG
GCD/PTG
GCD/PTG
- GCD/CT/PTG
8 CF CB/CT GB/CB/CT GB/CB/CT - - - GB/CB/CT GB/CB/CT
9 ST ST ST - - - - ST ST
10 RB - - SBP/PTG - - - SBP/PTG SBP/PTG
11 RV RV RV RV RV - - ST RV
CT: Contour Trenching
CB : Contour BundingP : Plantation
GB : Grass Bunding
GCD : Gabbion Check DamGD : Grade Stabilizer
SBP: Stream Bank Protection
SCT: Staggered Contour TrenchesPTG: Plantation of Trenches & Grasses
Knowledge base matrix to Suggest Conservation Measures
S il C i M B d L d C bili & P L d U
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
28/39
CB
CB/CT
CT
CT/P
GB/CB/CT
GCD
GCD/CTGCD/CT/PTG
GCD/PTG
SBP/PTG
SCT/PTG
Settlement
River
Soil Conservation Measures Based on Land Capability & Present Land Use
N
0 10 km
CT : Contour Trenching
CB : Contour Bunding
P : Plantation
SCT : Staggered Contour Trenches
PTG : Plantation of Trenches & Grasses
SBP : Stream Bank Protection
GB : Grass Bunding
GCD : Gabbion Check Dam
GD : Grade Stabilizer
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
29/39
CONCLUSION
-
-The watershed divided into 11 sub watershed for soil conservation planning.
- Land cover map revealed that 37.28 % of area is under cropland whereas
moderate dense, degraded forest and barren/scrub comprises of 19.31, 16.46 and
3.27 per cent area, respectively in the watershed.
-
- The annual rate of soil loss based on MMF model reveals that
11.07 % area lies in very low risk of erosion (0 5 t/h/yr),
5.75 % under low risk of erosion (5 10 t/h/yr),
33.41 % under moderate risk of erosion (10 25 t/h/yr),
26.0 % under high risk of erosion (25 - 50 t/h/yr),
2.92 % under very high risk of erosion (>50 t/h/yr).
-
-
Sub-watersheds were prioritized based on the area falls under various erosionrisk classes for conservation planning.
-
-The study demonstrated the use ofRS and GIS in soil erosion risk assessment
by deriving soil and vegetation parameters required in the erosion models.
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
30/39
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
31/39
Table 1. Soil characteristics of various physiographicsoil map units
MU PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS MS BD K Area (ha)
S11 Hilly Very Steep Dense/Mod. Forest 0.15 1.6 0.47 143.27
S12 Hilly Very Steep Open Forest 0.15 1.55 0.46 2184.11
S21 Hilly Steep Dense/Mod. Forest 0.2 1.5 0.46 1855.77
S22 Hilly Steep Open Forest 0.2 1.5 0.45 992.44
S23 Hilly Steep Barren/Scrub 0.2 1.55 0.44 1431.08
S31 Hilly Moderately Steep Dense Forest 0.25 1.55 0.43 288.73
S32 Hilly Moderately Steep Open Forest 0.25 1.55 0.43 1162.05
P11 Upper Piedmont Gently Sloping Forest 0.25 1.45 0.4 338.76
P12 Upper Piedmont Gently Sloping Cultivated 0.25 1.45 0.35 2610.7
P13 Upper Pied Gently Sloping Partly Cultivated 0.15 1.45 0.38 244.71
P21 Lower Pied Very Gently Sloping Cultivated 0.28 1.3 0.37 102.1
P22 Lower Pied Gently Sloping, Partly Cultivated 0.28 1.3 0.37 1497.38
P23 Lower Pied Plain G. Sloping Barren Sc/Oc 0.28 1.35 0.35 1473.8
A11 Alluvial Very Gently Sloping Cultivated 0.2 1.2 0.32 442.18
A12 Alluvuial Nearly Level Cultivated 0.25 1.2 0.31 1665.32
A13 Alluvial Gently Sloping, Open Sc/Cultivated 0.25 1.3 0.32 220.6
A2 Alluvial Nearly Level 0.25 1.2 0.3 90.61
FP Flood Plain, Cultivated 0.28 1.25 0.29 252.81
STL Settlement/Habitation 322.11
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
32/39
3930.5
168.6
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
3500.0
4000.0
Area(ha)
WHV WLV OC DF OF DS BS CF ST RB RV
Land Use/Land Cove
Fig 5. Area of Land Use/Land Cover.
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
33/39
A : 0-1 %B : 1-3 %C : 3-5 %D : 5-10 %E : 1015 %F : 15-25%
G : 25-33 %H : 33-50 %I : > 50%SettlementRiver
N
Source : SRTM and Satellite Data Digital Liss IV
0 10 km
Fig 7. Slope Classes of Watershed based on SRTM & LISS IV
LEGEND
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
34/39
8 6 7 8 .
3 4 5 .0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
Area(ha)
A B C D E F G
S lo p e Cl a s
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
35/39
0%
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100%
SESinvariousL,M,H
BR CH GR KH KR M R NW SB SH ST TF
Sub Watersh
High
Medium
Low
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
36/39
BR CH GR KH KR MRNW SB
SH STTF
SES
MMF
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
IndexValue
Sub Watershed
Method
Fig 17. Soil Loss of Quantitative MMF & Qualitative SES
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
37/39
63.1
5203.
0
1000
2000
3000
400
0
5000
6000
Area(h
a)
CB
CB/CT
CT
CT/P
G
B/CB/CT
G
CD
G
CD/CT
G
CD/CT/PTG
GCD/PTG
SBP/PTG
SCT/PTG
Settlement
River
Soil Conservation M easure
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
38/39
N
0 10 km
SLOPE CLASSES IN PERCENT (Wischmeier & Smith, 1978)
A : 0-2 %
B : 2-6%
C : 6-16%
D : 16-25%
E : 25-40%
F : 40-60%
G : > 60%
A: Nearly Level
B: Undulating
C: Rolling
D: Hilly
E: Steep
F: Very Steep
G: Extremely Steep
Settlement
river
-
8/14/2019 J02_Beny_India Nawagaon Erosi SES Dan MMF
39/39
There are 9 types suggested soil conservation
measurement in varous LCC and Land Use , viz :
- Contour Trenching (CT),
- Contour Bunding (CB),
- Plantation (P),
- Staggered Contour Trenches (SCT),- Plantation of Trenches & Grasses (PTG),
- Grass Bunding (GB),
- Gabbion Chek Dam (GCD),
- Graded Stabilizer (GS),- Stream Bank Protection (SBP)