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Eun-Ju Kim, Ph.D
Regional Director
ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
ITU Activities
Transition to
Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
26 June 2013
ITU-R ITU-T ITU-D
ITU's Telecommunication Standardization Sector for setting international standards through Recommendations.
ITU’s Development Sector for development of ICT through the best practices and programs.
ITU: International Telecommunication Union
• UN Specialized Agency for Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).
• Membership of 193 States and over 700
industries, R&D institutes, regional organizations, and academia.
ITU’s Radio-communication Sector for radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits through Regulations.
ITU Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland
Europe Regional Office Geneva, Switzerland
CIS Area Office Moscow, Russia
Arab Regional Office Cairo, Egypt
Asia-Pacific Regional Office Bangkok, Thailand
Area Office Jakarta, Indonesia
Africa Regional Office Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Area Office Central Africa (Yaounde, Cameroon) Southern Africa (Harare, Zimbabwe) West Africa (Dakar, Senegal)
Americas Regional Office Brasilia, Brazil
Area Office Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Santiago, Chile. Bridgetown, Barbados
ITU: Regional Resences
ITU Asia-Pacific Regional Office
ITU Asia-Pacific Regional Office is responsible for affordable and sustainable access to and use of telecommunications/ICT infrastructure and applications through serving members for inclusive information and knowledge society with various development initiatives and projects based on public-private-people’s partnership as well as South-South and multi-stakeholders' cooperation.
Serving 38 States and over 72 Sector Members in the Asia-Pacific Region.
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ITU Asia-Pacific Region
Regional Office for Asia and
the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand
Area Office for South East Asia:
Jakarta, Indonesia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Lao, PDR
Maldives
Nepal
Myanmar
Kiribati
Samoa
Solomon Is.
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Timor Leste
Fiji
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
Tonga
LDCs (14)
PNG
D.P.R. Korea
India
Indonesia
Mongolia
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Low-Income States (9)
SIDS (12)
Australia
Brunei
China/Hong Kong
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
R.O. Korea
Singapore
Thailand
The Rest (10)
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Emergency Telecommunications
Digital Broadcasting
Broadband Access and Uptake in Urban and Rural Areas
Telecommunications/ICT Policy and Regulation in the Asia-Pacific Region
ASP RI 1 Unique ICT Needs LDCs, SIDSs and Landlocked Developing Countries
ASP RI 2
ASP RI 3
ASP RI 4
ASP RI 5
To provide special assistance to LDCs, SIDS and landlocked developing countries in order to meet their priority ICT requirements.
To provide assistance to Member States at all phases of disaster management, i.e. disaster preparedness including early warning, disaster response/relief and rehabilitation of telecommunication networks.
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To assist ITU Member States in making a smooth transition from analogue to digital broadcasting.
To assist Member States in the development of broadband access in urban and rural areas.
To assist Member States in developing of appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks, enhancing skills, increasing information sharing and strengthening regulatory cooperation. .
ITU Asia-Pacific Regional Initiatives & Projects (2011-2014)
Overview & Objectives
Digital Broadcasting - Overview
Why Digital Broadcasting ?
More Programmes
Interactive service
High Quality A&V
Portability and mobility
Pay TV platform
Efficient Use of spectrum
Digital Dividend
Convergence and Competition
What are the main challenges of
analogue switch-over ?
Legal and Political issues
• Program editors, Licensing, number and ownership of
Multiplexes, Network Operators, Public TV services,
commercial TVs, local TV Standards, Analogue Switch Off
(ASO), etc.
Technical issues
• Standards, compression system (MPEG2/MPEG4), Spectrum
availability, network planning (MFN/SFN), coverage areas, end
users equipment (Set-Top Box D-TV), etc.
Economic Issues
• Introduction of new business model,
transition costs, subsidizing vulnerable people, etc.
Allocation of digital dividend
Digital TV Standards
ATSC – Advanced Television System Committee in USA
Currently in USA and Canada
Mainly terrestrial standard
ISDB – Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting
Mainly in Japan, Brazil and some south America
Extended to terrestrial, cable, and satellite standard
DVB – Digital Video Broadcasting Developed through a consortium known as DVB in
Europe
Many variants or forms of DVB operation
DMB-T – Digital Multimedia Broadcasting Developed by China for terrestrial transmission.
Transition Periods
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Analogue Switch Off in the Asia-Pacific
* Japan & ROP Korea have completed ASO in 2012.
Digital Broadcasting - Guidelines
Guidelines: Outlines
Guidelines on the introduction of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and Mobile Television Broadcasting (MTV) with the support of Korea Communications Commission (KCC), the Republic of Korea.
Guidelines are designed to provide information and recommendations on policy, regulation, technologies, network planning, customer awareness and business planning including Archive Section for the smooth introduction of DTTB and MTV.
Updated Guidelines with support from the MIC, Japan, includes information on Cable Network, IPTV, and Satellite TV.
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Technology/Pages/Broadcasting.aspx
Guidelines: Functional Framework
Comprehensive
functional framework
indicates the decisions
to be considered for the
introduction of DTTB
and MTV.
Five functional layers:
e.g.,
1. Policy and Regulation
2. Analogue Switch-Over
3. Market and Business
development
4. Networks (DTTB &
MTV)
5. Roadmap Development
Policy & Regulations
Policy & Regulation for ASO and DTTB/MTV assignment
can differ and coexist:
ASO: services (& levels) are led by governments; and
DTTB/MTV services (& levels) are by markets.
Roadmap of the functional building blocks can vary from
country to country:
Local situation; and
Institutional/legal framework.
Functional building blocks are closely related:
Roadmap execution is an iterative process.
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
ASO is initiated and led by governments:
Government is responsible for DTV service (& levels); and
Government will incure (significant) costs.
ASO key decisions are:
Simulcast or not; and
When, where and how long.
ASO process requires timely & careful planning, esp. when
simulcast & infra/spectrum incompatibility exist.
ASO Key Success Factors are: e.g.,
Coordination across value chain
Strong leadership
Effective communication
Sufficient financial resources
Market & Business Development
Market & Business Planning is for regulators to
consider: e.g.,
Business Model ↔ Assignment Procedure
Business Case ↔ Assignment Procedure
Service Proposition ↔ License Term & Conditions
Market & Business Planning requires regulatory input
for timely & comprehensive communications: e.g.,
National Spectrum Plan
License procedure and Term &Conditions
Business Planning process is highly interactive with:
e.g.,
Network Planning process
Policy & Regulations process
DTTB networks
Three major documents have to be prepared:
Description of network principles
Collection of coverage presentation and list of station
characteristics
Network implementation plan
Key topics and choices should be considered.
Choices should be made : e.g.,
License conditions are fulfilled;
Business objectives are met; and
Optimum solutions be found between often conflicting
requirements regarding picture and sound quality,
coverage quality and transmission costs.
Establishing cooperation structure with manufactures and telecom
operators is essential element for soft landing and rapid growth of MTV.
MTV
Broad-caster
Industry Audience
Govern-ment
New window : can cover mobile receiving domain
Various multimedia services : can enjoy anywhere
new Business Modules
Progress of broadcasting culture. Promotion of broadcasting industry. New delivery media.
It is important to choose the technical standard in accordance with your
country's situation(e.g., frequency usefulness/target coverage, etc.) and
the goal of MTV introduction(No. of channels / profitability, etc.)
Field test (technical aspects) and audience research(programs and revenue
aspects) are necessary for a successful launching of MTV.
Mobile TV
Roadmap Development
Roadmaps may differ, depending on: e.g.,
Status of implementation
Responsibilities and roles of the organization
for which the roadmap is made.
It is important to adopt realistic time schedules
Implementation of the whole process may
take several years and will involve many
people.
ITU’s Assistances
Digital Broadcasting Transition Roadmaps 2010-2011 (6 countries)
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-dbasiapacific/index_db_asp.html
ITU’s Assistances
Digital Broadcasting Transition Roadmaps 2012-2013 (13 countries)
Bangladesh
Fiji
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Maldives
Micronesia
Myanmar
PNG
Philippines
Timor-Leste
Thailand
Vietnam
Vanuatu
Completed
In-process
Digital Broadcasting – Digital Dividend
Definition of the Digital Dividend
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Spectrum efficiency gains due to the switchover
to digital terrestrial television services;
Several parameters determine the overall
spectrum required to permit this transition;
When more advanced technologies become
available, digital dividend will increase;
Analogue transmissions need to be switched-off;
Definition:
“The digital dividend is the amount of spectrum
made available by the transition of terrestrial
television broadcasting from analogue to digital”
Potential usage of the Digital Dividend
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Broadcasting services: e.g.,
Provisions of more programs;
HD, 3D, MTV;
Frequency planning arrangements at national level through
frequency coordination with neighbouring countries,
For other services: e.g.,
Under the envelope of frequency assignments or allotments already
planned for broadcasting, if no more interference is caused and more
protection is claimed than the original ones;
White spaces of the broadcasting frequency plan: (without disrupting
broadcasting services such as wireless microphones used in theatres or
during public events, WiFi or fixed wireless access);
Harmonized frequency allocation to enable ubiquitous service provision,
universally compatible equipment and international roaming (e.g.
International Mobile Telecommunications, IMT); and
National decisions to move broadcasting out of the corresponding
frequency band.
Release of valuable spectrum
for mobile broadband
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Availability and efficient management of radio spectrum is an
important driver for economic growth: e.g.
Total value of services depending on the use of radio spectrum in the EU
exceeds EUR 250 billion, about 2.2 % of the annual European GDP;
US spectrum auctions of the 700 MHz band in 2008 raised USD 19.1 billion
for 56 MHz of spectrum, which implys an average value of USD 340 million per
megahertz;
German auction assigning 60 MHz in the 800 MHz band in May 2010 raised
EUR 3.57 billion, or EUR 60 million per megahertz; and
France auction of 60 MHz in the 800 MHz band raised EUR 2.6 billion or EUR
40 million per megahertz.
The importance of the digital dividend bands for the mobile community: e.g.
Larger service area per base station; and
UHF frequencies penetrate buildings more easily
An efficient allocation of the digital dividend is expected to boost innovation
in ICT and help provide new and more affordable services.
Market developments
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Allocating digital dividend is a national strategy decision;
Digital dividend is an important driver for economic growth
Market developments are resulting in the spectrum
demand growth: e.g.,
Phased approach of spectrum release is preferable;
Demands vary between different countries for digital terrestrial
television and wireless broadband;
Any model is bound to be very sensitive to economic growth or
downturn; and
Economic downturn will affect consumption (and demand for
spectrum), and the decline in consumption may be more severe than
expected.
Demand drivers: e.g.,
Digital terrestrial television; and
Wireless broadband.
Conclusions
Transition to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
(DTTB) and the introduction of MTV services are a
complex process;
A successful transition to DTTB and the introduction of
MTV services requires for: e.g.,
Strong leadership of government;
Firm decision of analogue TV switch-off date;
Close cooperation of regulator and market players;
Clear and timely regulatory framework (including decisions
on the “Digital Dividend”); and
Adequate information and assistance to viewers during the
process.
References
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Guideline for the Transitions
Update with Asia-Pacific information, including archives
(also in French): http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-
dbasiapacific/Digital-Migration-Guidelines_EV7.pdf
Roadmaps for ASP and AFR
http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-
dbafrica/db_afr_roadmaps.html
http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-
dbasiapacific/db_asp_roadmaps.html
Digital broadcasting trends
http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/tech/digital_broadcasting/Reports/TrendsinBroadcasti
ng.pdf
Digital Dividend: Insights for spectrum decisions
http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/tech/digital_broadcasting/Reports/DigitalDividend.pdf
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ITU : http://www.itu.int
ITU Asia Pacific : http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/index.asp
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Thank
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