Download - Isotope Same element with a different mass. Ion Atoms or molecules with an electrical charge
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Isotope
Same element with a different mass
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Ion
Atoms or molecules with an electrical charge
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Cations
Positively charged atoms/molecules
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Anions
Negatively charged atoms/molecules
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amu
Atomic mass unit
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Atomic number
Number of protons
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Mass number
Protons + neutrons (amu unit)
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Nuclide
The nucleus of an atom
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Alpha particles
Helium nuclei
Mass of 4 amu
Charge of +2
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Ionic compounds (cpds)
Metals attached to nonmetals
Known as formula units
NOT TRUE MOLECULES
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Molecular Cpds (or Covalent)
Nonmetals attached to other nonmetals
TRUE MOLECULES
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Diatomic elements
The 7 diatomic elements are also true molecules.
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Periodic table
• The rows are called periods
• The columns are called families or groups
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Metals
• Conduct electricity and heat
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Very reactive and unstable
• Silver/grey solids (Exceptions Au/Cu)
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Nonmetals
• Insulators (don’t conduct heat or electricity)
• Brittle solids
• Some gases
• Not very malleable or ductile
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Metalloids
• Found along the staircase
• Don’t fit neatly into the metal or nonmetal category.
• Contain some characteristics of each group.
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True metals
• Alkali family (First column)
• Alkaline Earth family (Second column)
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Nonmetals
• Noble gases (He family)
• Halogens (F family)
• Chalcogens (O family)
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Transitional metals
• Most create very colorful cpds
• All are silver or grey solids except Hg (silver liquid), gold (yellow solid) and copper (brown solid).
• These have all of the characteristics of true metals but to a lesser degree.