Download - Islam and South Asia
Andrew Vitkus, Caelin Lewis, Duncan Liseski
Mosque in SindhSindh was the first part of Southern Asia to adopt Islam.
Muhammad ibn Qasim
Muhammad Ghur
Qutb-ub-din Aibak
Bhaktic Cults
Mira Bai
Kabir
Shrivijaya
Malacca
Demak
Key Terms
Key Terms
Muhammad ibn Qasim: general under Hajjaj; appointed commander of the all important invasion of Sindh when he was seventeen years old; managed to win all of his military campaigns; established peace, order, and a good administrative structure in the areas he conquered.
Mahmud of Ghazni: Sultan of the kingdom of Ghazna (998-1030); Ghazna comprised of modern Afghanistan and northeastern modern Iran; eventually including northwestern India and most of Iran
Muhammad of Ghur: conquests established first Great Muslim Empire in northern India; spent much of his time campaigning in Afghanistan or eastern Persia
Key Terms
Qutb-ub-din Aibak: captured and sold as a slave when he was a child to Muhammad of Ghur; became Sultan after Muhammad of Ghur was assassinated; died after falling from a horse while playing polo in 1210
Bhaktic Cults: Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Shiva and Vishnu
Mira Bai: celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women
Key Terms
Kabir: Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam
Shrivijaya: Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion
Malacca: Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian islands
Demak: Most powerful of the trading states on north coast of Java; converted to Islam and served as point of dissemination to other ports
Mosque
Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasion
Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization
From Booty to Empire: The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions
Patterns of Conversion
Patterns of Accommodation
Islamic Challenge and Hindu Revival
Stand-Off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period
The Coming of Islam to Southeast Asia
Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasion
The first Muslim intrusion came in 711 Indirectly caused by the peaceful trading
contacts who introduced Muslims to Indian civilization
Muslim traders attacked by pirates Muhammad ibn Qasim lead more than
10,000 troops into Sindh to avenge the traders
The Muslims treated the Hindus and Buddhists as “people of the book” Freedom to worship as please Paid special tax
Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization
Islam had little impact on Indian culture
Muslims learned from the Indians Indian scientific knowledge rivaled
Greeks. Indian Scholars traveled to Baghdad
From Booty to Empire: The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions After a decline of Muslims . Turkish
slave dynasty changed India. Mahmud of Ghazni- Led a expedition
that raided and conquered Northern India.
Muhammad of Ghur Qutb-ud-din Aibak seized control after
Muhammad's death. Delhi was capital.
Patterns of Conversion
Islam converters- Merchants and Sufis Muslim Converts
Buddhists and low caste groups
Reasons for conversions Escape head tax for non-believers More egalitarian social arrangement. Intermarriage between local peoples and
Muslim migrants.
Patterns of Accommodation Muslims made little impression on
Hindu community as a whole. Hindus worked with Muslims, but were
socially aloof. Hindus thought Muslims would be
absorbed by Hindus superior religion. Unfortunate for women
Married at earlier ages Prohibited widows to marry. Sati
Islamic Challenge and Hindu Revival
Hindus found Islam impossible to absorb Hindus placed greater emphasis on devotional
cults of gods and goddesses Bhaki mystics and gurus stressed the
importance of a strong emotional bond between the devotee and the god or goddess of veneration The Bhakti movement did a lot to stem the flow of
converts to Islam such as increasing popular involvement in Hindu worship and by enriching and extending the modes of prayer and ritual
Stand-Off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period Muslim religious experts grew
increasingly aware of the problems Hinduism would cause for Islam Attempts to fuse the two religions were
rejected The religious experts worked to promote
unity within the Indian Muslim community Non-Muslims, particularly Hindus,
remained the overwhelming majority of the population of the vast lands south of the Himalayas
Muslim Population in Modern Day South Asia and AfricaInteresting Fact-Islam is the most widely practiced religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Trading Contacts and ConversionsSufi Mystics and the Nature of Southeast Asian Islam
The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
Trading Contacts and Conversions
Most spread was from peaceful contacts First were small port centers
Malacca to Malaya, Sumatra, Demak, and Java
Port cities were the most common to covert
Slow progress in areas with Hindu-Buddhist dynasties Central Java, Bali, Central Asia
Sufi Mystics and the Nature of Southeast Asian Islam
Sufis infused mystical strains and tolerated animist beliefs and rituals Allowed people to maintain pre-Islamic
beliefs and law
MosqueMuslim mosques such as this one are visited by thousands of Muslims in Asia
Overall Importance
The overall importance of the spread of Islam to Southern and Southeastern Asia is that it helped the religion of Islam progress further and introduced a new belief to a lot of people who had never heard of Islam. It helped Islam become one of the major religions in the world of today.
Citations
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=123798&page=2
http://ffh.films.com/Common/FMGimages/36128_full.jpg
http://www.farhan-ali-qadri.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1221&sid=266742cf753dc5e2d57519f13029473d
http://www.arzoomag.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/eid-300x216.jpg
http://www.webindia123.com/tourism/pilgrim/glry/mosque/m11.jpg
Mosque