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Is Natural Gas the Answer?
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What is natural gas?
• Made of a mixture of METHANE (CH4) and other gasses.
• Conventional Natural gas forms with oil wells or coal beds
• Natural Gas production has increased by 25% in the last 6 years
What is Natural Gas?
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Formation of Unconventional Natural Gas
• Devonian shales (formed in inland seas during the Devonian Period – 350 million years ago)
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Where is natural gas found in large concentrations?
• Domestic Supplies
Top 5 natural gas reserves:
1. Texas2. Louisiana3. Wyoming4. Oklahoma5. Pennsylvania
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Where is natural gas found in large concentrations?
• Global Supplies
Top 5 natural gas reserves:
1. Russia2. Iran3. Qatar4. Turkmenistan5. United States
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How do we extract it from the ground?
• Conventional Natural Gas
Drill down into layers of rock with domes of natural gas
Gas flows to surface, normally pressurized to increase gas flow
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How do we extract it from the ground?
• Non-Conventional Natural Gas – “FRACKING”
High pressure liquid is forced into shale layers to crack the rocks
Sand is inserted to hold the cracks open
Methane flows to the surface
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What are the environmental problems with extracting Natural Gas?
• Air pollution• Groundwater pollution• Land disruption• Explosions• Fires
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What do we use natural gas
for besides electricity?
1. Heating2. Cooking fuel3. Vehicle Fuel (public busses)
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What are the environmental problems with burning natural gas?
• Methane leaks are worse than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas
• Added carbon dioxide
• Burned off as waste
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GasLand
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Natural GasAdvantages
- Ample supplies- High Net Energy Yield- Low Cost- Less air pollution than other
fossil fuels- Lower carbon dioxide emissions
than other fossil fuels- Easily transported by pipeline- Low land use- Good fuel for fuel cells and gas
turbines
Disadvantages- Non-renewable resource- Releases carbon dioxide when burned- Government subsidies- Environmental costs not included in
market prices- Methane (greenhouse gas) can leak
from pipelines- Difficult to transfer from one country
to another- Can be shipped across ocean only as
LNG – highly explosive- Sometimes burned off and wasted at
wells because of low price or lack of pipeline