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Irish Economic Statistics and the Economic Statistics Review Group
Report
2 June 2017
Group of Experts on National Accounts
Michael Connolly
CSO National Accounts Integration and LCU
www.cso.ie 1
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www.cso.ie 2
1.Background 2.ESRG
3. CSO Response
4. Challenges for CSO
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Background
• Published NIE 2015 – July 12, 2016
• GDP Constant Prices – growth 26.3%
• GNP Constant Prices – growth 18.7%
• Represented a level shift in our figures
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Results 2015
Year-on-Year
Growth Rates
GDP + 26.3% (+7.8%)
GNP + 18.7% (+5.7%)
Previous provisional estimate in brackets
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
€b
illio
n
GDP
GNP
Annual GDP & GNP Constant Prices 2006 - 2015
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676 696 714
748
1054
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
€b
illio
n
Balance Sheet Impact Impact on Capital Stocks
(Incl. transactions and reclassifications)
5 www.cso.ie
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Impact of relocations on GDP –
GNI transition
• BOP Entrepreneurial income is calculated
after depreciation
• Impact of additional depreciation
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Year GDP Depreciation Net Factor Flows
GNI NNI
2014 193,160 30,891 -29,715 161,759 130,868
2015 255,815 61,558 -53,173 200,762 139,204
Diff 62,655 30,667 -23,458 39,003 8,336
Change 32.4% 24.1% 6.4%
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MNE vs Domestic
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0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
-
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ratio €billions
Trend in Irish and EU Household Savings
GDI PCE Saving Ratio EU Saving Ratio
EU
IE
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Some details • National Accounts data related to relocations
were based on hard data from respondents
• Important role of CSO’s Large Cases Unit (LCU) – quality and consistency across macro and business statistics
• Changes driven by globalisation activities
• Ongoing trend – but scale was different
• Significantly - a small number of entities involved
• Figures compiled in compliance with ESA 2010
• Figures were verified by Eurostat
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Globalisation Measurement Challenges
• Centre of economic interest (resident units)
– Corporate Relocations - of assets, particularly
intellectual property (IP)
– Headquartering: re-domiciled firms &
corporate inversions
• Change of economic ownership
– Contract Manufacturing, significant MNE
activity, but also carried out by domestic firms
– Aircraft leasing
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1.Background 2.ESRG
3. CSO Response
4. Challenges for CSO
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ESRG – Summary of Terms of
Reference
• Provide direction to the CSO on how best to meet user needs for greater insight into Irish economic activity
• A focus on measures additional to the CSO’s legal requirement to produce national accounts and balance of payments statistics
• New presentations of existing information to improve understanding
• Recommendations to be feasible, consistent over time, cover short- and long-term initiatives
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Expert Group
• Increasingly difficult to represent the complexities of Irish economic activity using single headline indicators such as GDP or GNP
• Expert group focus on recommendations for the improvement and development of indicators and analyses giving additional insight to the domestic economy
• First meeting of the group September 19th and the group met six times between mid-September and November 2016
• Group reported to the Director General of CSO on 23 December 2016
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Update – Expert Group Membership
• High-level cross-sector consultative group
Philip Lane (Chair) - Central Bank Of Ireland Alan Barrett - ESRI Seamus Coffey - UCC Thomas Conefrey - IFAC John Fitzgerald - TCD and Irish Times John McCarthy - Department of Finance Dan O'Brien – IIEA, Irish Independent Fergal O'Brien - IBEC Frances Ruane - TCD, ESAC Marie Sherlock - SIPTU Rossa White - NTMA Jennifer Banim and Michael Connolly - CSO Eurostat and IMF - International observers
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ESRG – Main findings
• 13 recommendations across 5 main themes
– Level Indicators: modified measure of the size or level of economy to support additional analysis – “denominator issue”
– Structural Indicators: understand the MNE vs Domestic structure of the economy
– Cyclical Indicators: to provide additional detail on what is happening domestically (focus on expanded component analysis of Expenditure side of National Accounts)
– Communications
– Co-operation
• Focus on insight into domestic activity
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Level Indicator
• Gross National Income* (GNI*) – GNI adjusted for retained earnings of re-domiciled firms
and depreciation on foreign-owned domestic capital assets
• Modified measure of the size or level of economy
• Additional and useful input to economic modelling and analysis, including use “under the line” for ratio analysis
• Top-down approach to developing GNI* ‒ Annual series initially in mid-2017, with focus on re-
domiciled firms and depreciation related to intellectual property products
‒ Longer-term: quarterly series at current and constant prices
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Level Indicator - Illustration
-40,000
-20,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
2014-Q1 2014-Q2 2014-Q3 2014-Q4 2015-Q1 2015-Q2 2015-Q3 2015-Q4 2016-Q1 2016-Q2 2016-Q3
GNI * Proxy: GNI less Depreciation for Large Case firms
GDP NFF LCU GNI* GDP
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Structural Indicators
MNE vs Domestic • Foreign-owned vs domestic view of economic structure
• Initially use LCU firms as basis for split
• Ultimately build up from the micro (company) data for all foreign-owned firms
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Total Gross Value
Added (€bn)
Foreign-owned firms (€bn) Domestic firms
(€bn)
% Foreign-
owned
177 42 (LCU firms) 135 24.0%
177 58 (LCU + all other firms with
foreign marker) 119 32.9%
Estimated split of foreign/domestic value added (2014) based on sources of foreign marker
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Cyclical Indicators
• Expanded component analysis of Expenditure side of National Accounts – Additional detail on globalisation-related activities
• To support development of additional measures of underlying investment, additional detail in mid-2017 on – Intellectual property product relocations
– Aircraft leasing
– Re-domiciled firms
– Contract manufacturing in Exports and Imports data
• With the Structural Indicators, will give good information of effect of globalisation on Irish economy
• Longer-term work: annual and quarterly Net National Product (NNP) at current and constant and prices
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Introduce new classifications
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• Aircraft leasing
• Re-domiciled firms
• Foreign owned multi national corporations-
non financial
• Financial Corporations
• Irish Corporations
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Extend existing classifications
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• Help develop a more developed
understanding of Nat Acc and BOP
• Extend presentation on Sector
Accounts of Non-Financial
Corporations to show domestic and
foreign owned sectors
• Extend from Gross aggregates to Net
- NDP, NNP and NNI
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Extend existing classifications
• Publication of supplementary monthly
industrial production and turnover (IPT)
data adjusted for the impact of foreign
MNE-related activity
• Alternatively-weighted IPT indices, using
sectoral manufacturing wages rather than
gross value added as fixed base weights.
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1.Background 2.ESRG
3. CSO Response
4. Challenges for CSO
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CSO response • Report welcomed • Multi-year programme to deliver recommendations
– Short-term (during 2017) and longer-term deliverables
• Dependent on resources and availability of data with frequency required
• CSO will take incremental approach – initial development, focusing on annual analyses and then review
• What looks reasonable on paper may not always be feasible in practice
• Other CSO work started / planned on globalisation: – Productivity Analysis – Micro-to-macro in line with work of Eurostat TF
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Level Indicator - Illustration
-40,000
-20,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
2014-Q1 2014-Q2 2014-Q3 2014-Q4 2015-Q1 2015-Q2 2015-Q3 2015-Q4 2016-Q1 2016-Q2 2016-Q3
GNI * Proxy: GNI less Depreciation for Large Case firms
GDP NFF LCU GNI* GDP
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Example: Extended Sector Accounts
S11
Non-
Financial
Corporations
S12
Financial Corporations
S13
Government
S1M
Households
and NPISH
S2
Rest of World
S11
Foreign-owned MNEs
incl. Large Case firms
S11
Domestic incl. Irish
MNEs
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MNE & LCU Dominance 2015 Data
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Turnover GoodsExports
GoodsImports
ServicesExports
ServicesImports
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Cyclical Indicators
• Expanded component analysis of Expenditure side of National Accounts – Additional detail on globalisation-related activities
• To support development of additional measures of underlying investment, additional detail in mid-2017 on – Intellectual property product relocations
– Aircraft leasing
– Re-domiciled firms
– Contract manufacturing in Exports and Imports data
• With the Structural Indicators, will give good information of effect of globalisation on Irish economy
• Longer-term work: annual and quarterly Net National Product (NNP) at current and constant and prices
www.cso.ie 28
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Net National Product
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20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
GNP and NNP
NNP Total Economy GNP Total Economy
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Key Messages • Focus of the ESRG - analyses or indicators that would
provide a better understanding of the domestic components of highly globalised Irish economy
• GDP and GNP continue to be the international standard indicators
• GNI* proposed to address the specific nature of the Irish economy
• Additional structural and cyclical measures recommended to give users more broad-based information on the Irish economy
• Implementation will be incremental with some of the new measures available in mid-2017 at time of annual National Income and Expenditure results
• Progress will be kept under review and feedback will be sought from users on developments
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1.Background 2.ESRG
3. CSO Response
4. Challenges for CSO
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European Statistical System Framework
Managing the balance between:
European Statistics Code of Practice
• Principle 11: Relevance
• Principle 15: Accessibility and Clarity
and
• Principle 5: Confidentiality
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Implications for CSO
• Approach - “top down” or “bottom up” – Or both: top down in short term and bottom up in
long term ?
• Viability - are the proposals viable in all cases ?
• Resources: Do we need additional staff to meet these recommendations
• Skill set : Is there a specific skill set that meets the implementation of the recommendations - Economics based rather than data analytics
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Implications for CSO
• Has the ESRG highlighted gaps in our
programmes that are focussed on ESA etc
– Importance of productivity analysis
– Importance of wellbeing and beyond GDP
agenda
– Are there other areas?
• Resource requirements here also
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Implementation • Multi-year programme to deliver recommendations
– Short-term (during 2017) and longer-term deliverables
• CSO will take incremental approach – initial development, focusing on annual analyses and then review
• Focus in 2017 will be on:
– Modified Gross National Income indicator GNI*
– Large Case vs Other firms view in Sector Accounts
– Additional detail on intellectual property products (IPP), aircraft leasing & contract manufacturing
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