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A SMART PRAYER RUG AND A METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a prayer rug, and more
particularly, to a smart prayer rug and a method of operating the same, which
notifies plurality of users, primarily elderly, inexperienced children who just started
learning to pray and those having cognitive and memory weaknesses, who might
forget how many raka’ah have been performed at the time of solah (prayer). The
smart prayer rug notifies the number of raka’ah performed while preserving the
concentration and perfection of the solah.
BACKGROUND ART
Performing solah (prayer) five times a day is the second pillar of Islam,
compulsory to all Muslims. Every routine in a solah should be implemented so that
the solah is performed perfectly and with regard to Islamic principles. However,
while performing solah, there is probability to forget how many cycles called
raka’ah have been completed, since each of the five solah has different raka’ah.
The difficulty of remembering the raka’ah sequences could be found mainly in
inexperienced children who are not acquainted with the method of praying, the
elderly and those having cognitive and memory weakness, such as mild (early –
stage) Alzheimer, dementia and mild amnesia. Moreover, since the person must
repeat the raka’ah a plurality of times, and sometimes recites long verse surahs
from the Quran during first two raka’ah, it becomes a shortcoming for the person
to remember which raka’ah is being performed. Under these circumstances, once
forgotten, the person must go back and perform additional raka’ah to ensure that
at least exact number of raka’ah has been performed in a solah. This situation
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may affect the concentration while performing the solah. Thus, a user friendly
device is needed whereby Muslims become proficient at the daily raka’ah
sequences in prayer, as well as the concentration in solah.
There have been number of solutions provided for efficiently and
precisely performing the solah and few of them are discussed below:
US20110294100A1 describes an elongate prayer mat having a first end
and a second end. The prayer mat comprises a first tactile sensor disposed
proximate to the first end, a second tactile sensor disposed proximate to the
second end, a third tactile sensor disposed proximate to the second tactile sensor
and between the second tactile sensor and the first one, a fourth tactile sensor
disposed to the right of the third tactile sensor, proximate to the second tactile
sensor and between the second tactile sensor and the first tactile sensor. Also, a
microprocessor for receiving electrical signals from the tactile sensors and for
displaying the progress of prayer steps on a display device.
US8647122B2 discloses an interactive prayer system which includes a
pad that is adapted to be repeatedly stepped upon by a user, a communication
means for communicating touch event data and proximity event data to a
computer and a computer program executing on the computer, which displays the
scripture to the user during prayer, and a notification means embedded in the pad
for notifying the user.
WO2009144689A1 describes a digital tally counter finger ring which can
be put on a hand finger or placed on the ground closed to the user’s head at the
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time of use, having a count or set button as a switch to do counting operation
which is useful for religious activities such as counting for data collections or
inventories in the day and night time. It also has an IRP (Infrared Proximity)
sensor or close range detection sensor comprising an IR Transmitter and an IR
Transmitter and an IR Receiver which is useful for counting number of
prostrations in Muslim daily prayers or other similar activities, and has an On or
Off button.
The aforesaid documents and other similar solutions may strive to
provide solutions for performing efficient solah, however, they still have a number
of limitations and shortcomings such as, but not limited to, the technologies to
count and display the number of raka’ah while performing solah is impracticable
and may be distracting to a user since focus will be possibly diverted from the
solah being performed to the particular placement of the user’s forehead on the
prayer rug. It is also inconvenient to use, since the existing device worked only if
the position of the user’s forehead is precisely placed on the switch in order to
update the number of raka’ah performed. In addition, it may affect the
concentration while performing solah, since the number of raka’ah performed is
displayed all the time throughout the prayer.
Accordingly, there remains a need in the prior art to have an improved
technology, which overcomes the aforesaid problem and shortcomings. In
particular, there remains a need in the art for a smart prayer rug, which assist a
user to perform solah precisely and without any distraction. Further, the smart
prayer rug is easy to use and does not require any specific skills to operate.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a smart prayer rug
and a method of operating the same, which notify the number of raka’ah as well
as the necessity to consider the position of each electronic components,
convenient and easy to use, to cater all types of prayer rugs and users of different
age and height. Further, the smart prayer rug is connected to a raka‘ah alert
device, which notifies the number of raka’ah completed through the sense of
vibration on the user’s wrist. Also, the smart prayer rug does not permanently
display the raka’ah count in order to ensure that the focus while performing solah,
is preserved.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the smart prayer
rug comprising a plurality of sensors, a display device and a power switch. The
smart prayer rug is divided into a foot region, a knee region and a head region.
Further, the plurality of sensors are placed on the foot region, the knee region and
the head region. The power switch is configured to provide power to the plurality
of LED indicators and the display device and to count number of raka’ah
performed by a user, while the plurality of sensors do not need power and they
function using the method of latching. Also, the user trigger the display device to
display number of raka’ah performed by the user.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the smart
prayer rug further comprising an alert device configured to provide information
regarding number of raka’ah performed by the user by using vibrations.
Preferably, the alert device is a bracelet and is worn on the wrist of the user.
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Further, the user is, but not limited to, a vision impaired or blind person.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality
of sensors are pixel regional pressure sensors and the display device is, but not
limited to, a 7-segment LED display.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the power
switch is having a plurality of LED indicators configured to count number of
sudjood performed by the user and a microcontroller configured to update number
of raka’ah performed by the user and after deactivation of the plurality of sensors
at the knee region and the head region.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the power
switch is configured to provide information regarding number of raka’ah performed
by the user to the display device.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the user
triggers the plurality of sensors on the smart prayer rug by uplifting the right foot or
right knee in order for the display device to show the number of raka’ah being
performed. Further, the display device is configured to display number of raka’ah
performed by the user for a predetermined time. Preferably, the predetermined
time is in the range of, but not limited to, 2-15 seconds.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the method
of operating a smart prayer rug comprising the steps of placing the smart prayer
rug on a predetermined place and in a predetermined direction, switching the
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smart prayer rug in ‘ON’ state by a power switch, triggering a plurality of sensors
by a user, counting number of raka’ah performed by the user by the power switch
and displaying number of raka’ah performed by the user on a display device. The
smart prayer rug is divided into a foot region, a knee region and a head region.
Also, the plurality of sensors are placed on the foot region, the knee region and
the head region.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
predetermined place is, but not limited to, a normal prayer rug or a floor. In other
words, the smart prayer rug can be placed at two conditions depending on the
user’s preference: firstly, if the user prefers to perform solah directly on the smart
prayer rug then he/she can place it on the floor and secondly, if the user prefers to
perform solah on normal prayer rug then, he/she can place it on top of the smart
prayer rug.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
predetermined direction is having the head region at a distal end from the user
and the foot region at a proximal end from the user.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the step of
triggering comprising placing foot by the user on the foot region.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the step of
counting comprising the steps of switching on first indicator of a plurality of LED
indicators, when the user triggers the plurality of sensors placed at the knee
region and the head region for first time; switching on second indicator of the
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plurality of LED indicators when the user triggers the plurality of sensors placed at
the knee region and the head region for second time, thus, recording two sudjood
are completed and configure number of raka’ah completed by user after the user
stands up for the next raka’ah, when the right knee and head of the user have
been lifted up and updating number of raka’ah completed by the user by the
power switch.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the step of
displaying comprising the steps of triggering the plurality of sensors by the user,
gathering information regarding number of raka’ah performed by the user from the
power switch and displaying number of raka’ah performed by the user on the
display device for a predetermined time. Preferably, the predetermined time is in
the range of, but not limited to, 2-15 seconds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present
invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the
invention, briefly summarized above, may have been referred by embodiments,
some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however,
that the appended drawing illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention
and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may
admit to other equally effective embodiments.
These and other features, benefits and advantages of the present invention
will become apparent by reference to the following text figure, with like reference
numbers referring to like structures across the views, wherein:
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Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating configuration of a smart prayer rug in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates an arrangement of plurality of sensors on the smart
prayer rug in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating the smart prayer
rug in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a step of counting of the method of
operating the smart prayer rug in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a step of displaying of the method of
operating the smart prayer rug in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFFERED EMBODIMENTS
While the present invention is described herein by way of example using
embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that
the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described,
and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further,
some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in
certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the
embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and
detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular
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form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications,
equivalents and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as
defined by the appended claim. As used throughout this description, the word
"may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather
than the mandatory sense (i.e. meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an"
mean "at least one” and the word “plurality” means “one or more” unless
otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein
is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in
scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or
"involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the
subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not
recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or
steps. Likewise, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the terms
"including" or "containing" for applicable legal purposes. Any discussion of
documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in the
specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present
invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters form
part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant
to the present invention.
In this disclosure, whenever a composition or an element or a group of
elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood
that we also contemplate the same composition, element or group of elements
with transitional phrases “consisting of”, “consisting”, “selected from the group of
consisting of, “including”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition,
element or group of elements and vice versa.
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The present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments
with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein reference numerals used in
the accompanying drawing correspond to the like elements throughout the
description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms
and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein.
Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and
complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following detailed description, numeric values and ranges are provided for
various aspects of the implementations described. These values and ranges are
to be treated as examples only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the
claims. In addition, a number of materials are identified as suitable for various
facets of the implementations. These materials are to be treated as exemplary,
and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to the drawings, the invention will now be described in more
detail.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a smart
prayer rug (100), as shown in Figure 1, comprising a plurality of sensors (102), a
display device (104) and a power switch (106).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the smart
prayer rug (100) is divided into a foot region (108), a knee region (110) and a
head region (112). Preferably, the smart prayer rug (100) is having, but not limited
to, an outer area of 116 cm x 68 cm and an inner area of 106 cm x 58 cm.
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In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the user
(101) is, but not limited to, an adult, an old age person, children, a blind person, a
vision impaired person and any other person.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the user
(101) can perform solah directly on the smart prayer rug (100) or can place the
smart prayer rug (100) on a predetermined place. Preferably, the predetermined
place can be in two conditions, which are: firstly, if the user prefers to perform
solah directly on the smart prayer rug then he/she can place it on the floor and
secondly, if the user prefers to perform solah on normal prayer rug then, he/she
can place it on top of the smart prayer rug.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality
of sensors (102) are, but not limited to, pixel regional pressure sensor. Further, the
plurality of sensors (102) are placed on the foot region (108), the knee region
(110) and the head region (112).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality
of sensors (102) is pixel regional pressure sensor. Each of the plurality of sensors
(102) is made from silicon rubber or any other suitable material. This is to provide
maximum comfort to the user (101), while using the smart prayer rug (100).
Further, each of the plurality of sensors (102) consists of plurality of silicon rubber
keys. Each of the plurality of silicon rubber keys consists of conductive carbon
contact pill that work as switches. Each of the plurality of silicon rubber keys will
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react to the pressure applied by the users’ foot, knee and forehead which then
activates each respective region i.e. the foot region (108), the knee region (110)
and the head region (112) according to the area that has been pressurized.
Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement of the plurality of sensors (102) on
the smart prayer rug (100). As shown in Figure 2, the smart prayer rug (100) is
divided into nine (9) equal parts wherein each of the plurality of sensors (102) has
an area, but not limited to, 12 inch x 8 inch respectively. Further, the parts
numbered as 5, 6 and 7 are provided on the foot region (108), parts numbered as
2, 3 and 4 are provided on the knee region (110) and the part numbered as 1 is
provided on the head region (112). Only one part is provided on the head region
(112) because the user (101) usually tends to put his or her head at the middle of
the head region (112). As shown in Figure 2, there are, but not limited to, seven
sensors’ placed on the smart prayer rug (100).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the display
device (104) is, but not limited to, the 7-segment LED display. Further, the display
device (104), as shown in Figure 1, is placed at the top center of the smart prayer
rug (100). Further, the display device (104) is configured to display the number of
raka’ah performed by the user (101) when right foot sensor does not detect any
weight for a moment on the smart prayer rug (100). Further, the display device
(104) is configured to display the number of raka’ah performed by the user (101)
when right foot sensor does not detect any weight for a moment on the smart
prayer rug (100) during the standing position OR when right knee sensor does not
detect any weight for a moment on the smart prayer rug (100) during the sitting
position between two sudjood. Preferably, the predetermined time is in the range
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of, but not limited to, 2-15 seconds.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the user
(101) can trigger the display device (104) in order to view the number of raka’ah
performed by him or her. Preferably, the user (101) can trigger the display device
(104) in the following two conditions:
i. In case the user (101) is standing in an upright position, he or she
should uplift his or her right foot a little in order to trigger the display
device (104) to display the number of raka’ah completed by him or her. In
this scenario, it is the plurality of sensors (102) provided on the foot
region (108), which provides information to the power switch (106).
ii. In case the user (101) rises to a sitting position with head bowed from
the first sudjood, he or she should uplift his or her right knee a little in
order to trigger the display device (104) to display the number of raka’ah
completed by him or her. In this scenario, it is the plurality of sensors
(102) provided on the knee region (110) which provides information to
the power switch (106).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the display
device (104) will not display any number until the user (101) triggers the display
device to display the number of raka’ah performed by him or her.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the power
switch (106) is having a microcontroller (116), plurality of LED indicators (114),
control buttons, battery compartment. The battery compartment is configured to
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have a battery as a power source to the smart prayer rug (100) and a control
button is provided to switch ON or OFF the power switch (106). The specification
and characteristics of the battery compartment, the battery and the control panel
are standard and apparent to a person skilled in the art and part of the
description. However, the same have not been discussed here for sake of brevity.
The plurality of LED indicators (114) are configured to count number of
sudjood (prostrate position) performed by the user (101) and communicate
number of raka’ah performed by the user (101) to the microcontroller (116).
Preferably, there are two LED indicators such as, but not limited to, first indicator
and second indicator.
Further, the microcontroller (116) is, but not limited to, the PIC16F877A
microcontroller circuit and configured to provide information regarding number of
raka’ah performed by the user (101) to the display device (104). Preferably, the
microcontroller (116), as shown in Figure 1, is placed at the right side of the smart
prayer rug (100) and in parallel with the head region (112).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the smart
prayer rug (100) further comprising an alert device. The alert device is configured
to provide information regarding number of raka’ah performed by the user (101)
by using vibrations. Preferably, the alert device is, but not limited to, a bracelet
and is worn on the wrist of the user (101). The user (101) can trigger the alert
device to know the number of raka’ah performed by him or her. Triggering
generate vibrations in predetermined manner and by sensing the vibrations the
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user (101) knows how many raka’ah he or she has performed. Further, the user
(101) can trigger the alert device in the similar manner as he or she can trigger
the display device (104), the same has been elaborated in the previous
paragraphs. Also, the alert device is connected with the microcontroller via a
wireless communication medium or wired communication medium.
Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method (200) of operating the smart
prayer rug (100) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
At step 202, as shown in Figure 3, the smart prayer rug (100) is placed
on a predetermined place and in a predetermined direction. The smart prayer rug
(100) is divided into the foot region (108), the knee region (110) and the head
region (112). Preferably, the predetermined place is by placing a normal prayer
rug on top of the smart prayer rug (100) or floor and the predetermined direction is
having the head region (112) at a distal end (118) from the user (101) and the foot
region (108) at a proximal end (120) from the user (101). To elaborate, the smart
prayer rug (100) can be placed at two conditions depending on the user’s
preference: firstly, if the user prefers to perform solah directly on the smart prayer
rug (100) then he/she can place it on the floor and secondly, if the user prefers to
perform solah on normal prayer rug then, he/she can place it on top of the smart
prayer rug (100).
At step 204, the smart prayer rug (100) is switched on by the power
switch (106). Further, the power switch (106) is configured to provide power to the
plurality of the LED indicators (114) and the display device (104) and also the
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microcontroller(116), while the plurality of sensors (102) do not need power and
they function using the method of latching. Further, the plurality of the sensors
(102) are placed on the foot region (108), the knee region (110) and the head
region (112).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the power
switch (106) is having the plurality of LED indicators (114). The plurality of LED
indicators (114) used to count the number of sudjood, in order to configure the
complete number of raka’ah performed by the user (101).
At step 206, the plurality of sensors (102) are triggered by the user (101)
by placing his or her foot on the foot region (108). In other words, the moment the
user (101) places his or her foot on the foot region (108) of the smart prayer rug
(100), the plurality of sensors (102) at the foot region (108) are activated.
At step 208, the number of raka’ah performed by the user (101) is
counted by the power switch (106). The Step 208 is elaborated in Figure 4 below:
At step 2082, as shown in Figure 4, a first indicator of the plurality of LED
indicators (114) is switched on as and when the user (101) triggers the plurality of
sensors (102) placed at the knee region (110) and the head region (112) for the
first time.
At step 2084, a second indicator of the plurality of LED indicators (114) is
switched on as and when the user (101) triggers the plurality of sensors (102)
placed at the knee region (110) and the head region (112) for the second time.
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At step 2086, the plurality of LED indicators (114) record two times of
sudjood complete by the user (101). Further, at step 2088, the power switch
detect that plurality of sensors (102).
At step 20810, the first complete raka’ah is recorded. One complete
raka’ah is recorded once the plurality of sensors (102) placed at the knee region
(110) and the head region (112) are deactivated by the user (101). Preferably, the
plurality of sensors (102) placed at the knee region (110) and the head region
(112) are deactivated as and when the user (101) stands up to begin a next
raka’ah.
At step 20812, the number of raka’ah completed by the user (101) are
updated by the power switch (106).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the power
switch (106) is configured to update the number of raka’ah performed by the user
(101) and after deactivation of the plurality of sensors (102) at the knee region
(110) and the head region (112). Also, the power switch (106) is configured to
provide information regarding the number of raka’ah performed by the user (101)
to the display device (104).
At step 210, as shown in Figure 3, the number of raka’ah performed by
the user (101) are displayed on the display device (104). The step 210 is
elaborated in Figure 5 below:
As step 2102, as shown in Figure 5, the plurality of sensors (102) are
triggered by the user (101). The user (101) triggers the plurality of sensors (102)
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placed at the knee region (110) and the head region (112). Further, the triggered
plurality of sensors (102) switch on the first and the second indicator of the
plurality of LED indicators (114).
As step 2104, information regarding the number of raka’ah performed by
the user (101) is gathered from the power switch (106).
In other words, switching on the first and the second indicator of the
plurality of LED indicators (114) at step 2102, confirms the completion of two
sudjoods. Further, one complete raka’ah is recorded in the microcontroller (116) of
the power switch (106) after deactivation of the plurality of sensors (102) at the
knee region (110) and the head region (112). Then, the count of number of
raka’ah performed by the user (101) has been updated.
At step 2106, the number of raka’ah performed by the user (101) are
displayed on the display device (104) for a predetermined time. In accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention, the user (101) triggers the display
device (104) to display the number of raka’ah completed by him or her. Preferably,
the user (101) can trigger the display device (104) in the following two conditions:
i. In case the user (101) is standing in an upright position, he or she
should uplift his or her right foot a little in order to trigger the display
device (104) to display the number of raka’ah completed by him or her. In
this scenario, it is the plurality of sensors (102) provided on the foot
region (108) which provides information to the power switch (106).
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ii. In case the user (101) rises to a sitting position with head bowed from
the first sudjood, he or she should uplift his or her right knee a little in
order to trigger the display device (104) to display the number of raka’ah
completed by him or her. In this scenario, it is the plurality of sensors
(102) provided on the knee region (110) which provides information to
the power switch (106).
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
predetermined time is in the range of, but not limited to, 2-15 seconds. The
display device (104) is the, but not limited to, 7-segment LED display. Further,
maximum number of raka’ah that are displayed on the, but not limited to, 7-
segment LED display is 4.
At step 212, as shown in Figure 3, the steps 206 to 210 are repeated if
more raka’ah have to be performed. Further, if no more raka’ah has to be
performed, the method of operating the smart prayer rug (100) comes to an end.
The above-mentioned smart prayer rug and the method of operating the
same overcome the problems and shortcomings of the existing technologies and
provide a number of advantages over them. The unique feature of the smart
prayer rug is focusing on the raka’ah notification to the user, who performs the
solah but forgets the number of raka’ah he or she already completed. Further, the
number of raka’ah will be displayed on the display device only when the user
intends to know, hence preserving the focus or khusyuk in solah and the number
of raka’ah has been completed. The proposed prayer rug can be used by the
users who experience cognitive and memory weakness diseases such as mild
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amnesia, dementia and mild (early – stage) Alzheimer patients but are capable
and legitimate to perform the five daily prayers. Also, the smart prayer rug can be
used as a learning instrument, especially for children who are new to the method
of counting number of raka’ah when performing solah. Further, the smart prayer
rug has the alert device in the form of a bracelet, which broadens the scope of
usage to users, who are vision impaired or blind. Also, the proposed prayer rug
incorporates the effectiveness of the counter to notify the number of raka’ah, as
well as the necessity to consider the position of each electronics component,
convenient to cater all types of prayer rugs and users of different age and height.
The exemplary implementation described above is illustrated with specific
shapes, dimensions, and other characteristics, but the scope of the invention
includes various other shapes, dimensions, and characteristics of the plurality of
sensors, display device, power switch, LED indicators and an alert device. Also,
the smart prayer rug as described above could be fabricated in various other ways
and could include various other materials, including other types of sensors,
display device, power switch, LED indicators, alert device and other related
components.
Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in
the art from the description and the accompanying drawings. The principles
associated with the various embodiments described herein may be applied to
other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the
embodiments shown along with the accompanying drawings but is to provide
broadest scope, consistent with the principles and the novel and inventive
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features disclosed or suggested herein. Accordingly, the invention is anticipated to
hold on to all other such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within
the scope of the present invention and appended claim.
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