1
IP/ETHERNET REDUNDANCY AND PROTECTION FOR
MICROWAVE SYSTEMS
ROBIN SIMS, DIRECTOR U.S. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
GARY CROKE, PRODUCT MARKETING
Aviat Networks Product Evolution
2
2007
TRuepoint
6500 16xSTM1
2008 2009
Eclipse
Packet Node <2 Gbit/s
2010
WTM
6000 4 Gbit/s
2011
WTM
3000 1 Gbit/s
Megastar 8xSTM1
1999
Constellation 1xOC3
2000
TRuepoint
5000 180 Mbit/s
2003
XP4 1xDS3
1998
Altium 1xOC3
1999
Eclipse 2xOC3
2004
APRIL 2012 AVIAT NETWORKS |
TDM IP
Attributes Fixed bandwidth. End-End for
duration of call/circuit Variable bandwidth. Packet by packet
routing. No end-end awareness
Predictable Yes Circuit switched connections
No “Hop by hop” routing – no end-end
knowledge of packet path
Secure Yes
Requires physical port access – no “addressability”
Not inherently Ubiquitous addressing, open communication.
Secure protocols / tools available
Resilient Yes
Proven 50ms failure recovery schemes
No Routing protocol “convergence” in multiple
seconds
Cost Effective
No High cost per bit transmitted
Yes Economies of scale drives costs down
Scalable No
Dedicated connections mean poor use of b/w. No statistical multiplexing
Yes Only send data when required. Statistical
multiplexing
New Services
No Must adapt to TDM frame
Yes New applications built to run on IP
Why Are We Here?
IP makes reliability
more important
and
more complicated
Most Common Sources of Failures
5 AVIAT NETWORKS | JANUARY 2012
Natural events and “man-made” conditions most common
Source: ATIS, 2009
39%
36%
8%
8%
4% 3% 1% 2%
Root Causes of Network Failures
Cable Damage
Environment External
Hardware Failure
Environment Internal
Power Failure
Procedural
Design (hardware and software)
Other
Protection Levels and Discovery Process
6 AVIAT NETWORKS |
Revise network
level protection
Alternative
approach Network
Pro
gre
ss
ive
-Ite
rati
ve
Interdependent
levels of protection
No
Start
Adjust
(last resort)
Define service availability targets
Complete
Fit?
Yes
Define the topology
Impose requirements
Impose requirements
Impose requirements
Constraint
Constraint
Constraint Budget, space,
power
Capabilities of
existing equipment
Geographic and
deployment factors
Define fault detection and repair mechanisms
Determine required redundancy to achieve
availability targets
Protocols
Platform
JANUARY 2012 Employ top-down approach to break problem statement into smaller pieces
Reliability is Big Topic: Focus on 4 Features Today
G.8032 N+0
(with Link
Aggregation)
ACM (update)
Strong
Security (update)
Failure Scenarios
8 AVIAT NETWORKS | APRIL 2012
MSC
MPLS/VPLS over Fiber
INU
CSR
CSR
INU
INU
BTS NodeB BTS
BTS
INU
RF RF
Router Router
RF
RF
RF RF INU
CSR
RF RF
RF RF
G.8032
RF
RF
L1 / RF Link
Aggregation
802.1AX LAG
G.8032: How it works…
1. RPL owner (B) blocks one link
from topology (to prevent loops).
Nodes use topology to create
forwarding entries
APRIL 2012 9 AVIAT NETWORKS |
A
B
C
D
Ring APS
2. Failure occurs and is detected
by physical layer monitoring and
Y.1731 CCM messages every
3.3ms 3. Nodes signal ring APS request
to RPL owner
4. RPL owner unblocks link and
notifies other nodes. All nodes
perform forwarding DB flush and
fwd packets based on new ring
topology with link unblocked.
All within 50ms 5. Reversion configurable
N+0 is One of The Best Ways to Grow Capacity
10 20 AUGUST 2010 AVIAT NETWORKS |
2+0 Before Failure
378Mbps
But You Need QoS…
After Failure
189Mbps
1+1 Before Failure
189Mbps
After Failure
189Mbps
And Ethernet + TDM (2+0 Ethernet with 1+1 TDM)
JANUARY 2012 AVIAT NETWORKS | Possible ONLY with Hybrid Radios
Microwave Security is More Important with IP
12 AVIAT NETWORKS |
Eavesdropping
Overhead
Payload
RF site
security
Hacker
New employee
or contractor
Crypto-officer
Troubleshooting,
investigation
AAA
Server
Remote
access
NOC
APRIL 2012
Related Collateral
13
Strong Security Overview Strong Security White Paper CYBER SECURITY AND ELECTRIC UTILITY
COMMUNICATIONS
APRIL 2012 AVIAT NETWORKS |
New FCC Changes on ACM
• Previously, all links deployed 6, 10, 11GHz bands must
meet minimum bits/Hz at all times (Part 101.141):
• Eg: 30MHz channel - 89.4 Mbps @11GHz, 134.1Mbps @6GHz
• New FCC Rulemaking (October 2011):
• Operation below minimum payload capacity is now permitted
• Must operate higher than minimum payload capacity for
99.95% of the time (262.8 minutes allowed below minimum
bandwidth)
• No logging of ACM usage or equipment timers
• FCC Licensing:
• Data/bit rate, emission designator, transmit power that will be
used on the path
• Each modulation step must be listed on the license application
• No extra fees from Comsearch for link licensing when ACM is
available
14 APRIL 2012 AVIAT NETWORKS |
What should I look for? How can I qualify it?
Platform Reliability: High Availability Microwave Checklist
APRIL 2012 15 AVIAT NETWORKS |
No single point of failure Redundant radios, Ethernet modules, power supplies, fans, traffic buses
Facilitates fast physical access for MTTR reduction All-indoor radio
Minimal traffic impact during software upgrades Ability to schedule software upgrades based on ToD and intelligently
sequence upgrade process for redundant systems
Ability to defend from human error and unauthorized
access
Tools for quick fault identification and isolation
Multiple radio link protection options Support for HSB, N+0, ACM, space diversity, and media diversity
Permits in-service hardware and cabling maintenance Modules swappable without traffic hits, stacking support for seamless
Ethernet capacity upgrade, dual-feed support
≤ 50 msec traffic impact for all common failure
scenarios
Carrier Ethernet network protocol support (ring protection, aggregation,
detection mechanisms) and internal health monitoring of all modules
Storm protection and secure management with robust user authentication
Integrated Ethernet OAM MIP and MEP with CFM (continuity check,
loopback, link trace) and proactive frame loss measurements support
Management process Automated discovery of topology and ACM changes, correlation with fault
and performance data, proactive scheduled network health reporting
A Changing Environment…
1 May 2012 Can be managed with smart microwave decisions
Upcoming Aviat Educational Events
Topic Date
Ethernet Redundancy Replay Available
Microwave Capacity Analysis
Replay Available
Microwave Architectures
May 2012
Email: [email protected]
Live Video Streaming Webinars Advanced Microwave Technology Seminar
April 24/25, 2012
Dallas TX
Day 1 Network migration - TDM to IP Carrier Ethernet Transport & MPLS LTE requirements on backhaul Ethernet radio capacity analysis Network Timing and Synchronization Day 2 ACM Microwave Strong Security Microwave antenna tech update Outsourced network operations
18
AVIATNETWORKS.COM
Why Are We Here?
How to bring “tank-like” reliability to IP microwave networks
Predictable
TDM IP
yes
Secure yes
Resilient yes
Cost Effective no yes
Scalable no yes
New Services no yes
no
not inherently
no
FO
CU
S
IP Reliability why ?